Callambulyx tatarinovii
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Callambulyx tatarinovii |
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| ( Bremer & Gray , 1853) |
Callambulyx tatarinovii is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of moth (Sphingidae).
features
butterfly
The moths have a wingspan of 57 to 82 millimeters, with the subspecies Callambulyx tatarinovii formosana being slightly smaller at 56 to 70 millimeters. The species looks very similar to Smerinthus kindermannii , but mainly has green and gray patterned forewings. However, there is also a recessive female form from the north in which green is replaced by brown (forma eversmannii ). This brown form is also prevalent in the Transbaikal region. In addition, the green of dead specimens in old / dry specimens turns yellowish brown and then looks just as similar to this form and can lead to confusion.
Callambulyx tatarinovii tatarinovii ♂
Callambulyx tatarinovii tatarinovii ♂ △
Callambulyx tatarinovii tatarinovii ♀
Callambulyx tatarinovii tatarinovii ♀ △
Pre-imaginal stages
The eggs are 1.35 by 2.03 millimeters in size and are very similar to those of the evening peacock eye ( Smerinthus ocellatus ). The caterpillars are 60 to 80 millimeters long. When fully grown, the caterpillars also have a great resemblance to those of the evening peacock, but differ from them by the characteristic narrow, cream-colored longitudinal line on the back, as well as the alternating strong and narrow sloping side stripes. The reddish colored anal horn is almost straight. The younger caterpillar stages are undescribed.
The doll is 34 to 41 millimeters long and has a slightly glossy, dark mahogany brown color. It tapers backwards and has a blunt thorax and head. The proboscis cannot be seen, but instead a button-shaped tubercle. The wing sheaths and the segments of the abdomen are finely structured in dots. The cremaster is broadly conical, provided with tubercles and ends in a sharp point. The pupa is also similar to that of the evening peacock, but is less shiny.
distribution and habitat
The nominate subspecies of the species occurs in the west to western Xinjiang in China, where it has expanded its range to the north due to considerable elm plantings, similar to Smerinthus planus , and is now also found near the Kazakh border in Shihezi . It is therefore widespread from northern Xinjiang through northern China, Mongolia, Buryatia in the Transbaikal region to the far east of Russia and from there south through Korea and east China to probably Hainan and again west into eastern Tibet .
In addition, the subspecies Callambulyx tatarinovii gabyae is endemic in Japan and occurs there from Kushiro on Hokkaidō in the north via Honshū to the northeast of Shikoku and Kyūshū , as well as on Tsushima , and the subspecies Callambulyx tatarinovii formosana is endemic to Taiwan .
C. t. formosana ♂
C. t. formosana ♂ △
C. t. gabyae
Way of life
In the far east of Russia, where the species occurs in coniferous and deciduous forests, females fly between 10:20 p.m. and 12:40 a.m., males between 10:40 p.m. and 2:30 a.m.
Flight and caterpillar times
The caterpillars of the nominate subspecies can be observed from June to August, the moths fly in China in one or two generations, depending on the climatic conditions. Wherever a generation flies, moths can be found in June and July. It flies in Korea from May to October.
The moths of the subspecies Callambulyx tatarinovii gabyae fly in Japan from April to August (Honshū), May to August (Shikoku), May to June (Hokkaidō) and on Kyūshū and Tsushima in June. The subspecies Callambulyx tatarinovii formosana has been recorded both in March and at the end of November.
Food of the caterpillars
The caterpillars feed on various types of elm ( Ulmus ), including Ulmus pumilus , elm ( Ulmus campestris ), Ulmus parvifolius and Ulmus japonica . You can also find them in Japan on Zelkoven ( Zelkova ). Chinese publications also show willows ( Salix ) as food plants, but this requires confirmation. Most of the records of the species are from elm family (Ulmaceae). In addition to willows, winged spindle bushes ( Euonymus alatus ), poplars ( Populus ) and evidence of peaches ( Prunus persica ) are also mentioned. The species is said to even appear as a pest on poplars. All of these food plants are just as unclear, however, in addition to Ulmus davidiana and Japanese zelkova ( Zelkova serrata ) , the species from Korea has also been detected on Tilia amurensis and Euonymus Sieboldianus , which at least makes it more probable that the detection on Euonymus is correct .
development
The caterpillars go through five to six stages, depending on the quality of their food plant. Pupation takes place in a chamber in the ground, for which almost no silk is used. The pupa hibernates. Parasitoids of the species are unknown.
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g CALLAMBULYX TATARINOVII TATARINOVII (Bremer & Gray, 1853). AR Pittaway: Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic, accessed January 3, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c CALLAMBULYX TATARINOVII FORMOSANA Clark, 1935. AR Pittaway: Sphingidae of the Eastern Palaearctic, accessed January 3, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g CALLAMBULYX TATARINOVII TATARINOVII (Bremer & Gray, 1853). AR Pittaway: Sphingidae of the Eastern Palaearctic, accessed January 3, 2014 .
- ↑ a b CALLAMBULYX TATARINOVII GABYAE Bryk, 1946. AR Pittaway: Sphingidae of the Eastern Palaearctic, accessed January 3, 2014 .