Smerinthinae

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Smerinthinae
Linden hawk (Mimas tiliae)

Linden hawk ( Mimas tiliae )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Subordination : Glossata
Superfamily : Bombycoidea
Family : Swarmers (Sphingidae)
Subfamily : Smerinthinae
Scientific name
Smerinthinae
Grote & Robinson , 1865
Evening peacock caterpillar ( Smerinthus ocellatus )

The Smerinthinae are a subfamily of the swarmers (Sphingidae). They occur worldwide with over 200 species , nine are known from Europe , four of which are native to Central Europe. The most important genera include Protambulyx , Adhemarius , Ambulyx , Clanis , Polyptychus , Phylloxiphia , Marumba and Smerinthus . Their main distribution area is the Orientalis and Ethiopis , but some species are also distributed in the Holarctic .

features

The proboscis of the adults is regressed in many species. The outer edge of the forewings is often wavy or irregular, but in some genera, such as Leucophlebia and Xenosphingia , it is evenly curved. In many species the antennae are combed. In the resting position, the front wings are not placed on the abdomen, but angled away from the body. Most species of the genus Sataspes imitate wooden bees in their appearance ( mimicry ). The hind wings often have eye spots .

Apart from the last caterpillar stage of some genera, the caterpillars have a conical or triangular head capsule from the second stage. The body usually has horizontal stripes on the sides, in some species longitudinal stripes run along the body.

The proboscis is completely fused with the body of the doll .

Way of life

The caterpillars feed on the leaves of a variety of different plant families, including by Sumachgewächsen (Anacardiaceae), wool tree plants (Bombacaceae), Leguminosae (Fabaceae) carrying plants (Fagaceae), laurel family (Lauraceae), mallow family (Malvaceae), mulberry plants (Moraceae) Willow family (Salicaceae) and linden family (Tiliaceae).

Systematics

In the following the 78 genera currently assigned to the subfamily are listed according to Kitching / Cadiou (2000) and all occurring in Europe, as well as selected other species. The species occurring in Europe are marked with an "E", those that also occur in Central Europe are each provided with the country code (A, CH, D).

Tribus Smerinthini

Tribe Sphingulini

Ambulycini tribe

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Smerinthinae. Fauna Europaea, accessed August 4, 2008 .
  2. ↑ Sphingidae. Lepiforum eV, accessed on August 4, 2008 .
  3. ^ Ian J. Kitching, Jean-Marie Cadiou: Hawkmoths of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Revisionary Checklist (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Cornell University Press, New York 2000, ISBN 0-8014-3734-2

literature

  • NP Kristensen: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie 4 (35) p. 346, Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015704-7
  • Malcolm J. Scoble: The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity. P. 327 Oxford University Press 1995, ISBN 978-0-19-854952-9

Web links

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