Zelkoven
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Japanese zelkova ( Zelkova serrata ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Zelkova | ||||||||||||
| Spach |
The Zelkova ( Zelkova ) form a genus of plants in the elm family (Ulmaceae). They are endangered by Dutch elm disease .
description
Zelkoven species are deciduous trees or shrubs . The Zelkova have a ring-pored, hard heartwood . The alternate leaves are arranged in two rows and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The simple leaf blade has a notched or simply serrated leaf edge and, in contrast to the elm , the blade base is symmetrical.
The Zelkova species are single sexed ( monoecious ). The flowers are in inconspicuous clusters in the leaf axils. The female flowers are at the top and the male at the base of this year's branches.
The short-stalked stone fruit is asymmetrical and wingless.
distribution
The main distribution area of the genus Zelkova today is Southwest and East Asia. There are three types in China, two of them only there. In the Tertiary , the genus Zelkova also grew in Europe. The endemics Zelkova abelicea in the mountains of Crete and Zelkova sicula from Sicily represent relic occurrences from this time.
Three species are listed on the IUCN's Red List of Endangered Species .
Systematics
The genus Zelkova was first published in 1841 by Édouard Spach . Type species is Zelkova crenata Spach , today a synonym of Zelkova carpinifolia (Pallas) K. Koch . The generic name Zelkova is borrowed from the Georgian local name "Dselkua" or "Dselkwa" ( Georgian ძელქვა ) for this tree. A synonym for Zelkova is Abelicea Baill.
There are six species in the genus Zelkova :
- Cretan Zelkove ( Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss. , Syn .: Zelkova cretica (Spach) Spach ): This endemic occurs only in the higher mountains of Crete . It has been rated in the IUCN's Red List of Endangered Species since 2011 as "endangered".
- Caucasian Zelkova ( Zelkova carpinifolia (Pallas) K. Koch , Syn .: Zelkova crenata Spach , Zelkova ulmoides (Kuntze) CKSchneid. ): The distribution area extends from Eastern Anatolia through the Caucasus to Northern Iran . It has been classified in the IUCN's Red List of Endangered Species since 1998 as "Lower Risk / near threatened".
- Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives along rivers mostly at altitudes between 200 and 1100 meters (1800 to 2800 meters in Xizang and Yunnan) in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Fujian , southern Gansu , Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , southern Henan , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , southern Shaanxi , southeastern Sichuan , southeastern Xizang , Yunnan and Zhejiang .
- Japanese Zelkova ( Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino , Syn .: Zelkova acuminata Planch. , Zelkova hirta C.K.Schneid. , Zelkova keaki Maxim. ): It occurs in Korea , Japan , Taiwan , on the Kuril Islands and in Eastern China.
- Zelkova sicula Di Pasq., Garfi & Quézel : This endemic occurs with only two small populations in the Monti Iblei in southeastern Sicily . It has been rated in the IUCN's Red List of Endangered Species since 1997 and most recently in 2006 as “critically endangered” = “threatened with extinction”.
- Zelkova sinica C.K. Schneid. : It thrives in valleys and along rivers at altitudes between 800 and 2500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Hebei , Henan , northwestern Hubei , Shaanxi , southern Shanxi and northern Sichuan .
Hybrids :
- Zelkova × verschaffeltii (Dippel) G.Nicholson : It originated from Zelkova carpinifolia × Zelkova serrata in the nursery of Louis van Houtte in Ghent , Belgium , before 1885 .
use
The use is similar to that of elm wood . Zelkova serrata , Z. sinica , Z. carpinifolia and Z. abelicea are cultivated as bonsai .
literature
- Liguo Fu, Yiqun Xin, Alan Whittemore: Ulmaceae : Zelkova . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X , pp. 10 (English). , PDF file (sections Description, Distribution and Systematics).
- Peter Schütt , Hans Joachim Schuck, Bernd Stimm (eds.): Lexicon of tree and shrub species. The standard work of forest botany. Morphology, pathology, ecology and systematics of important tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 (reprint from 1992).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Liguo Fu, Yiqun Xin, Alan Whittemore: Ulmaceae : Zelkova . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X , pp. 10 (English). , PDF file .
- ↑ a b c d Search for "Zelkova" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- ^ A b Édouard Spach: Note sur les Planera . In: Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 2ème series. Volume 15, 1841, pp. 349–359 (etymology: p. 352, first description p. 356ff .; PDF file).
- ^ A b Zelkova in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- ↑ Kazimierz Browicz, Jerzy Zielinski: Zelkova. In: Peter Hadland Davis (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7 (Orobanchaceae to Rubiaceae) . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1982, ISBN 0-85224-396-0 , pp. 649 .
- ↑ Giuseppe Garfì, Francesco Carimi, Salvatore Pasta, Juliane Rühl, Sebastiano Trigila: Additional insights on the ecology of the relic tree Zelkova sicula di Pasquale, Garfì et Quézel (Ulmaceae) after the finding of a new population. In: Flora. Volume 206, No. 5, 2011, pp. 407-417, DOI: 10.1016 / j.flora.2010.11.004 .
- ^ William M. Ciesla: Non-wood Forest Products from Temperate Broad-leaved Trees (= FAO technical papers. Volume 15). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome 2002, ISBN 92-5-104855-X , p. 24, preview in Google book search.
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