Mild pine cone

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Mild pine cone
2010-01-01 Strobilurus stephanocystis (Kühner & Romagn. Ex Hora) Singer 72163.jpg

Mild pine cone ( Strobilurus stephanocystis )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Physalacriaceae
Genre : Cones ( strobilurus )
Type : Mild pine cone
Scientific name
Strobilurus stephanocystis
( Kühner & Romagn. Ex Hora ) Singer

The inedible mild pine cone or mild pine cone nail sponge ( Strobilurus stephanocystis ) is a fungus from the family of bark sponge relatives . The fruiting bodies appear on pine cones from March to May.

features

A crystal cystid of the mild pine cone root under the light microscope

Macroscopic features

The hat is 0.5–2.5 cm wide, initially arched, then spread out and sometimes hunched flat. The surface is smooth and matt and colored yellow-brown or reddish to dark brown. The smooth, unrubbed edge protrudes a little over the slats. The whitish, pale gray to pale yellowish lamellae are deeply indented and attached to the stem or almost free. The spore powder is white. The slim, cylindrical handle is tough and elastic and often bent. It is 5–7 cm long (above the ground) and 1–2 cm wide and more or less bare and shiny. In the lower part it is yellow to red-brown, the tip is lighter to whitish. The stem base often has a striggy, felty, 5–8 cm long "root" (pseudorhiza), which arises in a pine cone buried more or less deep in the ground. The whitish, tough, elastic meat is thin and smells pleasantly mushroom-like. The taste is mild to bitter.

Microscopic features

The inamyloid spores measure 5.5–10 × 3–4 µm. The conspicuously bulbous or broadly clubbed to bottle-shaped cystids are often covered with large-grain crystals at their typically rounded tips.

Species delimitation

The bitter pine cone ( Strobilurus tenacellus ), which also grows on pine cones and is said to taste more bitter, is very similar . Its fruiting bodies usually appear later, around April to June. A reliable distinction can only be made through the microscope. The bitter pine cone has pointed cystides that do not have crystals. The spruce cone turnip ( Strobilurus esculentus ) is also similar , but it grows on spruce cones. The similar mouse tail rubble ( Baeospora myosura ) also grows on spruce or pine cones, but its fruiting bodies appear in autumn. It has very dense lamellae and can be recognized by its finely flaky stem.

Ecology and phenology

The mild pine cone is not tied to any particular type of forest, soil or climate and can also be found outside of closed tree stands. The fungus can be found in clear-cuts and clearings, on forest paths and in parks and gardens. It lives as a saprobiont on pine cones that were buried last year. The fruiting bodies appear solitary to gregarious mostly between March and May.

distribution

European countries with evidence of the mild pine cone.
Legend:
green = countries with found reports
cream white = countries without evidence
light gray = no data
dark gray = non-European countries.

The mushroom is found in Asia (Japan, South Korea) and Europe. It is a fairly common spring mushroom in pine forests.

meaning

The pine cone root has recently become known because various strobilurins have been isolated from them . Strobilurins have a strong fungicidal effect, but are hardly toxic to plants and mammals. Since the natural strobilurins are broken down relatively quickly, synthetically produced structural analogues are mainly used as pesticides today.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, pigeons, milklings and other groups with lamellas (=  spectrum of nature / BLV intensive guide ). BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 114 .
  2. ↑ Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 84 .
  3. ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Blattpilze I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 , p. 518.
  4. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF]).
  5. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Strobilurus stephanocystis. Retrieved January 3, 2014 .
  6. ↑ Zdenko Tkalcec & Mesic Armin: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I. Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 81, 2002, pp. 113-176 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
  7. ↑ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Strobilurus stephanocystis. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved January 3, 2014 .
  8. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Strobilurus stephanocystis. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 23, 2015 ; Retrieved January 3, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
  9. ^ Georgios I. Zervakis et al .: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: II. Macrofungi associated with conifers in the Taygetos Mountain (Peloponnese). In: Mycotaxon . Vol 83 :, 2002, p. 97-126 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
  10. ↑ DM Dimou, GI Zervakis & E. Polemis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: IV. Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece). In: [Mycotaxon] . Vol: 104, 2008, p. 39–42 (English, online [PDF]).
  11. ↑ Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The fungi of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
  12. ↑ Grid map of Strobilurus stephanocystis. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved January 3, 2014 .
  13. ↑ Strobilurus stephanocystis. Pilzoek database, accessed January 3, 2014 .
  14. ↑ Karin Montag: Mild pine cone nail sponge Strobilurus stephanocystis In the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved January 3, 2014 .

Web links

Commons : Mild pine cone ( Strobilurus stephanocystis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Strobilurus stephanocystis. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved January 3, 2014 (Italian, photos of the mild pine cone nail sponge).