Camembert pigeon

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Camembert pigeon
2009-12-12 Russula amoenolens Romagn 69455.jpg

Camembert's pigeon ( Russula amoenolens )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Camembert pigeon
Scientific name
Russula amoenolens
Romagn.

The inedible Camembert deaf or brown camembert deaf ( Russula amoenolens ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . The Täubling has a grayish-brown hat, which is clearly grooved on the edge and becomes very greasy in damp weather. Its meat tastes very hot. The distinct Camembert smell is characteristic of the mushroom. The fruiting bodies of the quite rare blubber often appear under oaks from summer to autumn.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 4 to 8 cm wide. When young it is almost spherical, then convex, when old it is flat and spread out with a depressed, sometimes funnel-shaped center. It is gray-brown or umbra-brown in color, darker in the middle than at the edge. Often the center is tinted more olive-black, while the edge is more pale and dirty. When it is wet, the hat skin is greasy and slimy and can be peeled off up to half of the hat radius. The edge is soon clearly grooved and broadly ribbed when ripe.

The lamellae are first whitish, then greyish cream and often tear. They are often mixed in with shorter and forked lamellae. The cutting edges are smooth and the spore powder is cream-colored ( IIb – IIc according to Romagnesi ).

The stem is about 5 cm high and 1 cm wide, firm, but at the same time brittle. In old age, the stem is usually chambered and hollow. It is similar in color to the hat, but usually paler. The meat is thin, whitish and brittle and smells of Jerusalem artichoke or cheesy. The taste is sharp and unpleasant.

The guaiac test is positive, the meat turns blue / green. The FeSO 4 reaction is weakly positive, the meat turns pink, but in some cases the reaction can also be negative. With phenol, the color turns purple / brown, the Formol test is negative.

Microscopic features

The clearly elliptical spores are 6.3–8.5 (–9) µm long and 5–6.5 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.2–1.5. The spore ornament consists of up to 0.6 µm high, rather thorny and isolated standing warts, which are only sparsely connected with each other. The 37–50 µm long and 10–12 µm wide basidia are club-shaped and each carry four sterigms . The pleurocystids are 42–90 µm long and 6–10 µm wide and more or less spindle-shaped. At the top they are mostly appendiculated, that is, they have a small appendage. The cheilocystids are similar and measure 47–72 × 6–10 µm. All cystides are numerous and turn gray-black in sulfobenzaldehyde.

The cap skin ( epicutis ) contains cylindrical hairs that are blunt or tapered at the tip and are about 2–4 µm wide. The hyphae walls are gelatinized. Between the hair-like hyphae cells, there are also cylindrical to awl-shaped pileocystids . These are 3–7 µm wide and their content turns black-gray-black with sulfobenzaldehyde. Sometimes the pileocystids can also be thickened.

Species delimitation

There are many similar-looking species within the Pectinatinae subsection . Most similar is the Great Comb Täubling ( R. sororia ). This is larger and more robust and has a hat diameter of 5–12 cm. A reliable differentiation is only possible with a microscope. The spores are more spherical and the spore ornament is only up to 0.4 µm high.

The meat of the Schärflicher Kamm-Täubling ( R. pectinata ) also tastes hot. The Taubling has an ocher-colored to yellow-brown hat. All other similar pigeons from the subsection have a sometimes unpleasant but always mild taste.

ecology

The Camembert pigeon mainly forms a mycorrhiza with oak . It is therefore mostly found in oak and hornbeam forests, less often in coniferous forests, but also in grassy areas on forest paths, dams and parks. It prefers dry to moderately fresh, slightly acidic to neutral, lime-poor or superficially acidic soils.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the Camembert pigeon.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The Camembert deafness is primarily a European species of deafness. But it was also found in North and Central America (USA, Costa Rica), North Africa (Morocco), New Zealand and the Oceanic Islands.

    Systematics

    The species Russula amoenolens was described by Romagnesi in 1952 and thus clearly differentiated from similar species. The species is synonymous with Russula sororia in the sense of J. Schäffer and Russula pectinata in the sense of Lange .

    Inquirerous classification

    The brown Camembert deaf is placed by Bon in the subsection Pectinatinae within the Ingratae section. The representatives of the subsection are rather smaller species with a yellow-brown to dark gray-brown hat, which can sometimes be dirty whitish to pale grayish. As with the sister taxon Foetentinae , the edge of the hat is more or less serrated and the stem more or less hollow. The smell can be slightly fruity, unpleasant sperm or cheese-like. The spores have more or less low warts or ribs. A closely related species is the Great Comb-Täubling ( Russula sororia ).

    Subspecies and varieties

    Russula amoenolens var. Pallescens (Karst.) Is a variety with a dirty pale hat.

    meaning

    Because of its sharp taste, the Camembert deaf mushroom is not an edible mushroom.

    literature

    • H. Romagnesi: Russula amoenolens. Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). In: mycobank.org The Fungal website. Retrieved August 17, 2011 (French).
    • Russula amoenolens. In: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved August 17, 2011 .

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b Russula amoenolens. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed February 4, 2014 (English, original Latin diagnosis).
    2. ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 78 .
    3. ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 538.
    4. ↑ a b c d e f Russula amoenolens. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 16 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved August 17, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
    5. ↑ Russula amoenolens. In: Partial Russula Database /cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed August 17, 2011 .
    6. ^ Alfred Einhellinger : The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape  112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-443-59056-X , p. 64 .
    7. ↑ a b Russula amoenolens. Pilzoek database, accessed August 17, 2011 .
    8. ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter: Russula amoenolens. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 1, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.artportalen.se
    9. ↑ Belgian Species List 2012 - Russula amoenolens. In: species.be. Retrieved June 7, 2012 .
    10. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula amoenolens. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    11. ↑ Russula amoenolens. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 16, 2011 .
    12. ^ Z. Athanassiou & I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ).
    13. ^ Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
    14. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula amoenolens. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 1, 2012 .
    15. ↑ Mushrooms and Fungi of Poland Index: R. . In: / grzyby.pl . Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 22, 2011.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.grzyby.pl
    16. ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Russula. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 1, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    17. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 1, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
    18. ↑ Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 132.

    Web links

    Commons : Camembert deaf ( Russula amoenolens )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files