Capsicum mirabile
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Line drawing of Capsicum mirabile |
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Capsicum mirabile (syn. Capsicum buforum ) is a wild species from the genus Paprika ( Capsicum ) that occurs in the rainforests of Brazil. It was first described botanically in 1846.
description
Capsicum mirabilis is a hairless, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between 0.5 and 3 m. The stem axis branches into bifurcations, the branches are spread apart. The 7.5 to 10 cm long, stalked leaves are pointed at the tip and the base. They are hairy on the underside near the leaf veins. The inflorescences are from one to three flowers existing cymes , the dichotomous and usually equal multiform branch. The flower stalks are directed sideways or upwards. The calyx, which is permanent on the fruit, is bowl-shaped to almost bell-shaped, hairless and has five linear calyx teeth. The star-shaped crown has a diameter of about 9 mm, it is white and has purple spots on the corolla lobes, the inside of the corolla tube is greenish in color. The stamens and the anthers are of the same length. The ovary is rounded, the stigma has an inverted conical shape. The fruit is a pea-shaped, two-chambered, yellow-green berry when ripe . The large seeds are blackish and kidney-shaped to circular. The plants are self-incompatible.
The chromosome number is .
Occurrence
The species is endemic to the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais , Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo . It grows there in open, swampy places in rainforests.
Systematics
To classify the species within the genus, cross-breeding tests with other species were carried out, but no fertile seeds were formed. In experiments with Capsicum mirabile as the male part, when crossing with some Capsicum praetermissum and Capsicum pubescens in the fruits, seeds with underdeveloped embryos emerged , when crossing with Capsicum cardenasii , Capsicum eximium and other Capsicum praetermissum , only the seed coats were formed in the fruits. The crosses with Capsicum annuum , Capsicum chinense and Capsicum frutescens did produce fruits, but these did not contain any seeds. Crossing attempts with Capsicum baccatum , Capsicum lanceolatum and Capsicum tovarii were unsuccessful. In experiments in which C. mirabile represented the female part of the cross, only Capsicum pubescens was fertilized, but only seed coats were formed in the fruits. These results show that C. mirabile is systematically far removed from the species studied.
Phylogenetic investigations classify the species in a clade with other species from the Atlantic forest clade ("Atlantic forest clade"), but not all relationships within this clade have yet been unequivocally clarified and in some cases require further taxonomic work. Some populations that are morphologically very similar to Capsicum mirabile were identified within this clade as sister clade to Capsicum campylopodium and Capsicum cornutum and were first described in 2020 as an independent species Capsicum carassense .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Capsicum mirabile In: Flora Brasiliensis , Volume 10, 1846, p. 144.
- ^ Eduardo A. Moscone et al: The Evolution of Chili Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): A cytogenic Perspective. In: DM Spooner et al. (Ed.): Solanaceae VI: Genomics Meets Biodiversity. (= ISHS Acta Horticulturae 745). 2007, ISBN 978-90-6605-427-1 , pp. 137-169.
- ↑ a b c Nankui Tong, Paul Bosland: Observations on interspecific compatibility and meiotic chromosome behavior of Capsicum buforum and C. lanceolatum. In: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. Volume 50, Number 2, March 2003, pp. 193-199. doi: 10.1023 / A: 1022986615694 (There as Capsicum buforum .)
- ↑ Marisa Toniolo Pozzobon, Maria Teresa Schifino-Wittmann: A Meiotic Study of the Wild and Semi-domesticated Brazilian Species of Genus Capsicum L. (Solanaceae). In: Cytologia. Volume 71, number 3, 2006, pp. 275-287. doi: 10.1508 / cytologia.71.275 (There as Capsicum buforum .)
- ↑ Carolina Carrizo García et al .: Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae) . In: Annals of Botany , Volume 118, 2016. pp. 35–51. doi: 10.1093 / aob / mcw079 .
- ↑ Gloria E. Barboza, Luciano de Bem Bianchetti, João Renato Stehmann: Capsicum carassense (Solanaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In: PhytoKeys , Volume 140, 2020. pp. 125-138 doi: 10.3897 / phytokeys.140.47071 .