Capsicum tovarii
| Capsicum tovarii | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Capsicum tovarii | ||||||||||||
| Eshbaugh , PGSm. & Nickrent |
Capsicum tovarii is a wild species from the genus Paprika ( Capsicum ), which so far has only been found in the valleys of the Mantaro River in the Huancavelica region ( Peru ). It was first described botanically in 1983.
description
Habit and leaves
Capsicum tovarii is a perennial, deciduous subshrub that can reach heights of up to one meter, grows climbing or creeping and has sympodial branches. The alternate leaves are ovate-lanceolate, 3.5 to 8.2 long, 1.2 to 3.8 cm wide; the top is hairless or only slightly hairy and the underside is slightly hairy. The entire edge of the leaf is provided with single-row standing, line-bristle-like trichomes , tapering to a point at the tip of the leaf and slightly tapering at the base. The leaf veins are pinnate, shaggy hairs can be found in the axils of the veins on the underside of the leaf. The petiole is slightly trough-shaped and 1 to 3 cm long.
blossoms
Capsicum tovarii blooms in May. The radially symmetrical flowers are unisexual or hermaphroditic. The cup-shaped calyx tube is 1.3 to 1.9 × 1.8 to 2.6 mm in size, the five calyx lobes, which are fused with a membrane, are variable between 0 and 1.3 mm in length. The entire calyx is hairless or lightly downy hairy. The bell-shaped crown is 4.4 to 8.5 mm wide, the petals are purple and cream-colored or completely cream-colored, with two green dots each at the base of the petal. The tip of the petals is partly bent like a hook, the edge is warty to different degrees. The five outward-turned stamens are arranged on the same radius as the petals and are fixed with them alternately and dorsally. The counters of the anthers are arranged in parallel. Two carpels are an ovary grown, the 0.9 to 2.6 in length and 0.9 to 1.5 mm wide, four to eight ovules containing and in opposite directions , the pen is different polymorphic and 1.5 to 7.6 mm long. The scar is club-shaped or two- to four-lobed.
fruit
The fruits, which are seated on 1 to 2 cm long stems, are red, sharp, spherical berries with a size of 4.4 to 7.6 × 4.2 to 7.3 mm in diameter. As with many wild species of the Capsicum genus , they separate easily from the calyx when ripe. The ear-shaped seeds are 3.5 to 4.5 mm long, cream-colored, with a grooved to reticulate, slightly warty surface. The fruits of the plant are collected and used as a spice, the local names are Mukúru or Mucuru-uchu .
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Habitat
The finds of plants of the species are mainly limited to xerophytic , low mountain areas, where they can be found with various columnar cacti and Bombax ruizii .
Systematics
Within the genus Capsicum , the species belongs to the group with a chromosome number of 2n = 24. Studies of the karyotype place the species close to Capsicum eximium , Capsicum cardenasii and Capsicum pubescens . These species are similar in that they have partially to completely lavender-violet flowers and brownish to black kidney-shaped or irregularly shaped seeds. With the exception of the large and color-variable fruits of Capsicum pubescens , all species have small, red-colored, spherical fruits. In cross-breeding trials, however, none of the three remaining species in the group could be crossed successfully with Capsicum tovarii . Phylogenetic investigations of the DNA showed a close relationship between Capsicum pubescens and Capsicum tovarii , whereas Capsicum eximium and Capsicum cardenasii were further identified by Capsicum pubescens . Successful crossbreeding attempts were carried out with Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum praetermissum .
Botanical history
The first plant of the species was found by Oscar Tovar on April 14, 1954 near the valley of the Mantaro River at an altitude of 2000 to 2200 meters. Other finds also come from this valley and were located at an altitude of 850 to 2000 meters, plants of the species were also found in the province of Andahuaylas , Department Region Apurímac . Without publishing a species description, Charles B. Heiser first used the name Capsicum tovari in 1976 , based on the discoverer of the first representative of the species. The first description with the species epithet tovarii corresponding to the ICBN rules comes from W. Hardy Eshbaugh, Paul G. Smith and Daniel L. Nickrent from 1983.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Capsicum tovarii at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Eduardo A. Moscone et al: The Evolution of Chili Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): A cytogenic Perspective. In: DM Spooner et al. (Ed.): Solanaceae VI: Genomics Meets Biodiversity. (= ISHS Acta Horticulturae 745). 2007, ISBN 978-90-6605-427-1 , pp. 137-169.
literature
- W. Hardy Eshbaugh, Paul G. Smith, Daniel L. Nickrent: Capsicum tovarii (Solanaceae), a New Species of Pepper from Peru. In: Brittonia. Volume 35, Number 1, Jan.-March 1983, pp. 55-60. doi: 10.2307 / 2806051
- Nankui Tong, Paul W. Bosland: Capsicum tovarii, a new member of the Capsicum baccatum complex. In: Euphytica. Volume 109, 1999, pp. 71-77. doi: 10.1023 / A: 1003421217077