Carl Hummel (portrait painter)
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Carl Ludwig Hummel , also Carl Ludwig Hummel de Bourdon (actually Charles de Bourdon , * around 1769 in Besançon ; † April 23, 1840 in Vienna ) was an Austrian portrait painter of French descent who specialized in miniature portraits.
Life
Bourdon fled probably 1793/94 before the reign of terror in France and then in the Swiss Bern detectable. Even before his marriage, he was entitled "Peintre de son Altesse Impériale la Palatine" and was therefore in the service of the Tsar's daughter Alexandra Pawlowa (1783–1801), who had married Archduke-Palatine Joseph (1776–1847), the governor of the Emperor in Hungary . It is not known whether he also lived there.
From 1799/1800 the painter can already be traced back to Vienna and from then on called himself Carl Hummel (the German word for “Bourdon”), but was registered in the church books as “Hummel Bourdon” when his daughter was born (1817). On September 10, 1800, he married in St. Michael's Church from Paris coming Louise Aglaé Quidor de Perez, the daughter of former Paris police inspector Étienne-François Quidor and his wife Marie nee Charon. The family, who also fled to Vienna, was under the protection of Count Johann Anton Pergen . The details of Hummel's person are in the church's marriage book:
"Karl Hummel de Pourdon (!) A court meal of Bern from the Schweitz of Mr. Isidor Hummel de Bourdon, a managerial administrator and the Johana Nicolet ehl. Son in Michaeler House No. 1221. "
The art historian Jean de Bourgoing writes that Hummel “brought the new style of French miniature painting, which had shed its aristocratic note during the revolution, to Vienna. Not only in their costume now appear democratized, but also in their posture and entourage, the portraits of all formats are kept simpler and far from any theatrical or graceful pose that was so popular a few years earlier. "
In 1804, together with the architect Charles de Moreau , Hummel acquired an area in Leopoldstadt and had the first “publicly privileged bathing establishment” built in Vienna, the so-called Dianabad , which was opened on July 1, 1810, and where Hummel also lived until his death lived. The popular bathroom ensured him a steady income throughout his life, so that he was not dependent on the income from his painting.
According to an exhibition catalog from 1813, he mainly portrayed personalities of the Viennese nobility and cultural life "in Isabey's manner". There are portraits of Domenico Artaria , Prince Ferdinand von Kinsky , Peter von Braun , Count Ferdinand Pálffy and Count Johann Rudolf Czernin .
During the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 in particular , he created numerous portrait miniatures . Most of the clients were very satisfied. Joseph Carl Rosenbaum , whose portrait Hummel had begun in 1815, noted in his diary on January 10, 1816: "Effenrath brought my portrait of Hummel, a very successful, completed work which everyone found excellent."
Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel writes in his biography of the Duke of Reichstadt (1811–1832), who died early , that Hummel also portrayed him around 1817/18:
"A French painter who has been living in Vienna for a long time, worth recommending for his art, as well as his character, Mr. Hummel , [...] was called when the prince was between six and seven years old to paint him."
In later years he was also an art appreciator. The directory of the art collection from the estate of the late Beethoven friend Josephine Brunsvik is signed: "Vienna, July 1st, 1821 Carl Hummel with owner of the Dianabad."
He died on April 23, 1840 at the age of 71 "from consequences of organic defects in the abdomen" in his apartment at Leopoldstadt No. 9 (Dianabad).
His grave, which is adorned with a “monument kept in good measure”, is located in the Sankt Marxer Friedhof .
family
Carl Hummel had two children:
- Eugen Hummel (born November 21, 1812 in Vienna), who also became a painter,
- Johanna Ludovika Hummel (born March 26, 1817 in Vienna).
literature
- Franz Heinrich Böckh , Vienna's living writer, artist and amateur in art , Vienna 1821, p. 259 ( digitized version )
- Catalog of the Vienna Congress Exhibition 1896 , 4th edition, Vienna 1896, No. 156, 167, 671 ( digitized version )
- Miniature exhibition in the Palais of the Imperial and Royal Council of Ministers Presidium , ed. by Eduard Leisching , Vienna 1905, No. 863, 1311, 1312, 1645, 1676, 1901, 2238, 2524, 2695, 2774
- Eduard Leisching , The Portrait Miniature in Austria from 1750 to 1850 , Vienna 1907
- Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker , General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present , Volume 17, Leipzig 1924, p. 126f.
- Jean de Bourgoing, The Viennese Portrait Miniature , Vienna 1926
- Hummel, Carl. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 3, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1965, p. 8 f. (Direct links on p. 8 , p. 9 ).
- Nora Keil, The miniatures of the Albertina in Vienna , Vienna 1977
- Portrétní miniatury 17th - 19th století , ed. by Jan Nepomuk Assmann and Soňa Divišová, catalog of the Prague National Gallery, Prague 1996, no.74
- Robert Keil, The portrait miniatures of the House of Habsburg. The collection of 584 portrait miniatures from the former Primogenitur Fideikommißbibliothek in the Hofburg in Vienna , founded by Emperor Franz I of Austria in 1999
Individual evidence
- ↑ Place of birth according to the entry in the death register of the parish of St. Josef ( digitized version )
- ↑ Bourgoing (1926), p. 16
- ↑ Renate Zedinger, migration and career. Habsburg officials in Brussels and Vienna in the 18th century , Vienna 2004, p. 74
- ^ Vienna, St. Michael, marriage book 1784–1804, p. 264 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Bourgoing (1926), p. 16
- ↑ Leisching (1907), pp. 183f.
- ↑ Rosenbaum, diary entry from January 16, 1816
- ↑ Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel, The Duke of Reichstadt , Leipzig 1833, p. 78 ( digitized version)
- ^ Marie-Elisabeth Tellenbach, Beethoven and his beloved Josephine Brunsvik , Zurich 1983, p. 301, note 29
- ^ Wiener Zeitung , No. 117 of April 27, 1840, p. 792 ( digitized version )
- ^ Hans Pemmer, The cemetery at St. Marx in Vienna , Vienna 1951, p. 48 ( digitized version )
- ^ Vienna, parish St. Joseph, baptismal register 1812-1824, p. 106 ( digitized version )
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hummel, Carl |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hummel, Carl Ludwig (full name); Bourdon, Carl Ludwig Hummel de (full name); Bourdon, Charles de (real name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian portrait painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1769 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Besançon |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 23, 1840 |
| Place of death | Vienna |