Carl Liebermann

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Carl Liebermann
Obituary 1918

Carl (Theodor) Liebermann (born February 23, 1842 in Berlin , † December 28, 1914 in Berlin) was a German chemist.

Life

He was a son of the textile entrepreneur (calico printing) Benjamin Lieberman (1812-1901), a cousin of the painter Max Liebermann and a great-uncle of Walther Rathenau . His wife was Antonie, daughter of Ferdinand Reichenheim.

Liebermann studied chemistry from 1861 with Robert Wilhelm Bunsen in Heidelberg, where he was a member of the Allemannia fraternity . From 1862 he worked in Adolf von Baeyer's laboratory at the Berlin Trade Institute and studied at the University of Berlin with von Baeyer and Franz Leopold Sonnenschein . In 1865 he received his doctorate from von Baeyer at the University of Berlin with a dissertation on propargylic derivatives ( De allyleno atque nonullis, quae inde proficiscuntur, connubiis ). At the request of his father, he completed an internship at Koechlin, Baumgartner & Cie. in Mulhouse in Alsace (textile printing, dyeing) and then worked in the family business, but in 1867 decided to pursue a university career and went back to the Baeyer laboratory.

In 1868, Liebermann and Carl Graebe succeeded in synthesizing and determining the structure of alizarin (Turkish red). This first synthesis of a natural dye was also of great economic importance ( further developed by BASF in Germany ) and had a great influence on the chemical industry. They registered a privilege in Prussia in 1869 . However, their bromination process was too expensive for industrial implementation and a cheaper sulfonation process was developed at BASF via Heinrich Caro , which was applied for a patent in England in 1869 one day before a process by William Henry Perkin . However, the patent in Prussia was refused because of the previously granted privilege, and so many competitors arose there. Graebe and Liebermann found a relationship with anthracene and Liebermann subsequently explored this connection group.

The close collaboration with Graebe, who went to Leipzig as a private lecturer, ended in 1869; Liebermann received his assistant's position and completed his habilitation in 1869 at the trade academy and in 1870 at the university.

After Baeyer moved to the University of Strasbourg in 1872 , Liebermann was his successor as head of the laboratory at the Berlin Industrial Institute and associate professor.

In 1873, Liebermann was appointed full professor for organic chemistry at the industrial institute, which in April 1879 became part of the Königlich Technische Hochschule Charlottenburg .

In 1879 he also became an associate professor for organic chemistry at the University of Berlin. In 1913 he was given rooms for his own research at the new Kaiser Wilhelm Institute . Robert Pschorr succeeded him at the TH Berlin on April 1, 1914.

Honors

In 1872 Carl Liebermann became a member of the Society of Friends , of which his father Benjamin was chairman for many years.

The Liebermann reaction , an analytical proof for phenols and phenol derivatives, is named after Carl Liebermann, after him and Burchard a detection reaction for sterols and he dealt with many other detection reactions . In 1875 he synthesized 2-naphthylamine , he investigated plant alkaloids , the isomerism of cinnamon and truxil acids, color theories and dealt with the synthesis of cocaine .

From 1897 he was a secret councilor.

In 1898 he was elected President of the German Chemical Society in Berlin for one year . He was a member of the academies in Göttingen (1912), Philadelphia and Uppsala and an honorary doctorate in Leeds, at the TH Berlin and in Braunschweig. In 1883 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

1914 honorary professor for organic chemistry at the University of Berlin

His graduate students included Eugen Bamberger , Rudolf Knietsch , Nikodem Caro , Leopold Spiegel and Fritz Haber .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Life data, publications and academic family tree of Carl Theodor Liebermann at academictree.org, accessed on January 1, 2018.
  2. ^ Brockhaus ABC Chemie , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag Leipzig 1965, p. 799.
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 151.
  4. ↑ Before 1900, unlike universities, technical universities had no right to award doctorates. - see also obituary C. Liebermann, page 1147.
personal data
SURNAME Liebermann, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Liebermann, Carl Theodor (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH February 23, 1842
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH December 28, 1914
Place of death Berlin