Cassingimpel
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Male of the cassin impulse ( Haemorhous cassinii ) |
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| Haemorhous cassinii | ||||||||||||
| ( Baird , 1854) |
The Cassingimpel ( Haemorhous cassinii ) is a songbird from the finch family . It colonizes parts of western North America from southern Canada to northern Mexico. The species is named after the American ornithologist John Cassin .
description
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Appearance
With a body length of 14.5–16.5 cm, the Cassingimpel is the largest of the three species in the genus Haemorhous . The wing length is 89–97 mm in the male and 86–92.5 mm in the female. The tail length is between 61.5 and 66 mm. The rather slender, pointed bill is dark gray or blackish above and pale yellowish horn-colored below, the feet are flesh-colored brown or pale brown.
The sexes differ significantly in the color of the plumage. The male is colored bright red on the upper head except for the vertex. The crown feathers are often set up in a small hood. Reins, cheeks and ear covers are brown and tinged with reddish. The area behind the eye is pale pink to reddish and merges into the pink sides of the neck. The pale reddish stripe of the beard is lined with a dark chin stripe, which does not have to be present in all birds. The chin, throat and front chest are pale pink and tinged with bright red. This color runs out on the sides of the neck and lower chest. The belly, like the under tail coverts, is cream-colored, the flanks beige and sometimes with dark stripes. The neck, upper back and shoulders are brown with darker feather centers. The fresh plumage shows light brown, sometimes pale pink hems on the back. The lower back is pale pink to reddish and sometimes dashed light brown. The upper tail-coverts are brown and slightly reddish. The forked tail is dark brown with light, slightly reddish edges in the fresh plumage. The arm covers are dark brown with broad beige hems and pale pink tips. The wing and coverts are blackish and, like the dark brown wings, are narrowly lined with light.
The female lacks the reddish parts, it is overall rather gray-brown and inconspicuous. It shows a beige, lightly dashed stripe over the eyes , the top of the head is brown and dark dashed. The cheeks and ear covers are brown. Like the area on the cheeks, the lighter streak of beard is often yellowish-brown. The underside is whitish with clearly separated, strong dark dashes. The back and shoulders are gray-brown with darker feather centers. The rear back is not drawn. The thrust and wings are similar to those of the male, the pink on the edges is missing.
The Cassingimpel is quite similar to the somewhat smaller purple pimple , but can be distinguished from it by its finer, slimmer beak. The red head parts of the male also expand further to the back and chest in the purple pimple, the top of the head and neck or back are not as clearly separated from each other as in the cassing pimple. In the female of the purple bumblebee, the dark, detached ear covers and the light, unlined stripe over the eyes are characteristic features. The dark lines on the underside of the female Cassingimpel are much sharper. Further distinguishing features are the long hand swing projection in the Cassingimpel and the voice.
voice
The call, usually given in flight, has two or three syllables and can be described as giddi-jap , ti-di-jip , ki-jap , su-lip or tschidli-jap . The singing is similar to that of purple and house bullfinches . However, it is more diverse or disordered with more pauses between stanzas. It is performed from the treetops or in flight.
distribution
The monotypical Cassingimpel colonizes parts of western North America. In Canada it occurs in British Columbia and southwestern Alberta . In the USA from eastern Washington to central Montana , through northern Wyoming south to central New Mexico and northern Arizona , in parts of northwest and southern California and in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir in Mexico.
hikes
The Cassingimpel is a stationary bird or line bird that has quite unpredictable migration patterns. When there is a lack of food, it moves around - mostly within the brood distribution. In winter it migrates from higher elevations and can then also be found in more southern regions. These range from southern California and its coastal regions, through southern and central Arizona and the mountains of northern Mexico south to San Luis Potosí and western and central Veracruz to the central transmexican volcanic belt.
Way of life
The Cassingimpel breeds in open coniferous forests of coastal pine , magnificent fir and mountain hemlock . It can be found here up to considerable heights. It also colonizes semi-arid forests of the yellow pine . It is usually one of the frequent breeding birds, in coastal areas it is often much rarer. In winter it can be found in the same habitats at lower altitudes. In contrast to the purple pennant, it avoids settlement habitats.
You can meet him in pairs or in small groups. In summer, small groups of non-breeding males often form. In winter it often socializes with crossbills and evening grosbeak .
The Cassingimpel usually gathers its food in tree tops or on the ground. It feeds on various seeds (mostly conifer seeds), berries and occasionally on insects.
Systematics
Like the closely related species, purple and domestic bullfinches, the Cassingimpel was long placed in the genus Carpodacus , within which they were the only three species with a purely nearctic distribution. Investigations of the mitochondrial DNA from 2007 and 2011 showed that the genus is polyphyletic and that the three Nearctic finch species are not as closely related to the other "carmine rasp" as assumed. The American Ornithologists' Union followed the suggestion to classify the three species into a separate genus in 2012 in its 53rd Supplement to the Check List of North American Birds . They are now in the Haemorhous genus established by William Swainson in 1837 .
literature
- P. Clement, A. Harris, J. Davis: Finches and Sparrows. Helm Identification Guides, London 1993/1999, ISBN 0-7136-5203-9 .
- DA Sibley: The Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Eastern North America. AA Knopf, New York 2003, ISBN 0-679-45120-X .
Individual evidence
- ^ A. Arnaiz-Villena et al .: Bayesian phylogeny of Fringillinae birds: Status of the singular African Oriole Finch Linurgus olivaceus and evolution and heterogeneity of the genus Carpodacus . Acta Zoologica Sinica 53, pp. 826-834, 2007
- ↑ Heather RL Lerner, Matthias Meyer, Helen F. James, Michael Hofreiter, Robert C. Fleischer: Multilocus Resolution of Phylogeny and Timescale in the Extant Adaptive Radiation of Hawaiian Honeycreepers , Current Biology 21, pp. 1–7, 2011, doi : 10.1016 / j.cub.2011.09.039
- ^ R. Terry Chesser, Richard C. Banks, F. Keith Barker, Carla Cicero, Jon I. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Irby J. Lovette, Pamela C. Rasmussen, J. v. Remsen, JR., James D. Rising, Douglas F. Stotz, Kevin Winker: Fifty-third Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds , The Auk 129/3, pp. 573-588, 2012, ( PDF )
Web links
- Haemorhous cassinii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2009. Accessed on March 14 of 2010.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Carpodacus cassinii in the Internet Bird Collection