Cathayanthe biflora

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cathayanthe biflora
Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Gesneriaceae (Gesneriaceae)
Didymocarpoide Gesneriaceae
Genre : Cathayanthe
Type : Cathayanthe biflora
Scientific name of the  genus
Cathayanthe
Chun
Scientific name of the  species
Cathayanthe biflora
Chun

Cathayanthe biflora is the only kind of monotypic genus Cathayanthe in the family of Gesneriad (Gesneriaceae).

description

Appearance and leaf

Cathayanthe biflora grows lithophytically as an evergreen perennial , herbaceous plant . It forms a slender horizontal rhizome . A stem is not recognizable.

The few leaves are usually arranged in a row at the base and divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 2.5 to 14 inches long. The simple, membranous leaf blade is 4.5 to 12 centimeters long and 2 to 6.2 centimeters wide (usually relatively narrow) obverse-lanceolate to obovate or elliptical with a wedge-shaped blade base and a somewhat blunt upper end. The leaf margin is almost smooth . The upper side of the leaf is whitish to brownish, silky hairy and the underside of the leaf is pressed down and downy hairy ( indument ). There are four or five lateral nerves on each side of the median nerve.

Inflorescence and flower

The lateral, 7 to 12 centimeters long inflorescence stem is hairy brownish and downy. In the zymous inflorescence there are usually only one or two nodding flowers, loosely arranged. The bracts are narrowly lanceolate with a length of about 5 millimeters and a width of about 1 millimeter. Cover sheets are missing.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The 1.2 to 1.4 centimeter long calyx is very characteristic of this species, it is zygomorphic and two-lipped. The five sepals are fused. The calyx tube is 2 to 4.5 millimeters long. The calyx upper lip is formed from a sepal, is therefore undivided and is linear to narrow-triangular with a length of 5 to 9 millimeters. The outer fluffy hairy calyx lower lip ends in four calyx lobes, which are free from about the middle of the lower lip and are triangular or lanceolate with a length of 3.5 to 8 millimeters. The five purple-colored, finely hairy on the outside, downy to sparsely finely haired on the inside, 2.5 to 5 centimeters long petals are fused to a tubular-bell-shaped corolla. The corolla tube has a length of about 2.5 centimeters and a diameter of 7 to 10 millimeters and is bent slightly downwards in the direction of the coronet and much longer than the coronet. The zygomorphic, funnel-shaped corolla is two-lipped. The crown upper lip is 4 millimeters long and ends in two almost circular crown lobes. The lower lip of the crown is about 6 millimeters and ends in three equal to slightly dissimilar, elliptical crown lobes with rounded upper ends. There are two pairs of fertile stamens ; they do not tower above the corolla tube. The stamens inserted near the center of the corolla tube are somewhat curved and hairy with glands. The basifix anthers are connected to each other at the top. The upper pair of stamens is about 1.3 centimeters and the lower one about 1.4 centimeters long. The parallel counters open longitudinally. There is no staminodes . The cup-shaped nectar glands stand together in the tubular disc . and the nectaries are cup-shaped. The pistil does not rise above the corolla. The glandular hairy, upper, single-chambered ovary is narrow-ellipsoidal with a length of about 6 millimeters. There are two parietal placentas . The glandular hairy, slender stylus is about 3 centimeters long. The almost spherical, somewhat flattened scar is somewhat divided on one side.

Fruit and seeds

The capsule fruit standing straight on the fruit stalk is flattened at a length of about 1.6 centimeters, narrow-ellipsoid and slightly longer than the calyx. When ripe, the capsule fruit opens up at a seam towards its base in a way that is fissured or loculicidal and stays straight without twisting. The durable stylus remains recognizable on the fruit. The very fine seeds have no appendages.

Phenology

The flowering period in Hainan extends from April to January. The fruits ripen from January to September.

Occurrence

The endemic Cathayanthe biflora occurs only on the Chinese island of Hainan .

Cathayanthe biflora thrives in unusual locations for Gesneriaceen on moist rocks by flowing waters in moist valleys and gorges at altitudes of about 2400 meters.

Systematics

The genus Cathayanthe was set up on November 8, 1946 by Woon Young Chun with the first description of the species Cathayanthe biflora Chun in Sunyatsenia , Volume 6, 3-4, pages 282-285, plate 47. The specific epithet biflora means "with two flowers". The botanical genus name Cathayanthe is made up of cathay , an archaic or literary name for China and the Greek word άνθη anthē for flower.

Cathayanthe biflora is the only species of the genus Cathayanthe that belongs to the tribe Didymocarpeae from the Didymocarpoids within the Gesneriaceae family.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Anton Weber, Laurence E. Skog: The Genera of Gesneriaceae from the Faculty of Botany at the University of Vienna & Department of Systematic Biology, Botany Smithsonian Institution, 2007: Cathayanthe .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Wencai Wang, Kai-yu Pan, Zhen-yu Li, Anna L. Weitzman, Laurence E. Skog: Gesneriaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 18, 1998, pp. 284–285: Cathayanthe and Cathayanthe biflora - the same text online as the printed work.
  3. ↑ Cathayanthe biflora at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 26, 2019.

Supplementary literature

  • ZY Li, YZ Wang: Plants of Gesneriaceae in China. Henan Science and Technology Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 2004, pp. 1-721.
  • Shaojun Ling, Qianwan Meng, Liang Tang, Mingxun Ren: Gesneriaceae on Hainan Island: distribution patterns and phylogenetic relationships. In: Biodiversity Science , Volume 25, Issue 8, 2017, pp. 807–815. doi : 10.17520 / biods.2016360

Web links