Canyon wren

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Canyon wren
Canyon wren (Cartherpes mexicanus) (19728526574) .jpg

Canyon wren ( Catherpes mexicanus )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Catherpes
Type : Canyon wren
Scientific name of the  genus
Catherpes
Baird, SF , 1858
Scientific name of the  species
Catherpes mexicanus
( Swainson , 1829)

The canyon wren ( Catherpes mexicanus ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) located in Canada , the United States and Mexico is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The canyon wren reaches a body length of about 13 to 15 cm with a weight of about 9 to 18 g. The skull and neck are gray-brown with white spots, the shoulders and back are red-brown with brown and whitish spots. The rump is chestnut colored. The contour feathers are maroon with dark lines, the control feathers are maroon with blackish transverse bands. The ear covers are gray-brown and finely spotted white. It is greyish white from chin to chest, which contrasts with the chestnut-brown belly in color and is even stronger on the under-tail-covers. These are variably spotted in black and white. The relatively long salvaged beak is grayish-brown, with the lower beak pale at the base. The legs are matt gray-black. Both sexes are similar. Young animals have a less luminous plumage. The spots on the back are only indistinctly present.

Behavior and nutrition

The canyon wren feeds exclusively on invertebrates, especially spiders , beetles , beaked beetles , ants and termites . He is looking for food u. a. in narrow crevices in the rock, with its morphological features such as long, curved beak, flattened skull and short tarsus supporting it. He observed how he paralyzed spiders from the nests of the grave wasps -Art Scelifron cementarium steel.

Vocalizations

The canyon wren's song is a nice diminishing trill that slows towards the end. The ending consists of a magnificent series of clear whistles. Both sexes sing, but the female's song is usually shorter and has lively overtones. The sounds consist of loud metallic hum.

Reproduction

The canyon wren is in a breeding mood in March in the south and in late June in the north at higher altitudes. Occasionally there are two broods per year, very rarely three. The nest is built by both sexes. It's an open goblet made of moss, wool. Hair etc., which he attaches to coarser branches and decorates with artificial materials. This can also take on bizarre proportions. One kilogram of objects such as pens, paper clips and other similar items that he had stolen from a nearby office were found in a nest. He also builds the nest in rock caves or crevices, between boulders, in caves or artificial structures such as ruins. The nest is occasionally reused in the same or next year. In a study in north central Colorado , the territory was determined to be 0.4 to 2.8 acres in summer and 0.2 to 1.9 acres in winter. He lays three to seven eggs, but usually six, often fewer. These shine white and have fine red-brown speckles. Incubation takes place exclusively by the female, with the male feeding it at the nest. The incubation period is 12 to 19 days. The nestlings fledge after 12 to 19 days. The young animals are accompanied by their parents for the first two weeks. Of 28 nests examined in Colorado, 22 rearing were successful and four others may have been as well.

distribution and habitat

Distribution (purple) of the canyon wren

The canyon wren prefers areas with rocks, such as canyons , more rarely sea cliffs, but also ruins. The nearby vegetation can consist of deciduous and coniferous forests, which can also be mixed. It occurs in the dry areas of the southwestern United States and in humid areas in southern Mexico. Here it moves at altitudes from sea level to 3000 meters in Mexico. In the western United States, it is usually up to 1,850 meters.

migration

The canyon wren is predominantly a resident bird , but there are high-altitude migrations in the northern populations. Some mobility was noted as birds appeared in areas such as Saskatchewan , Nebraska, and Kansas .

Subspecies

There are eight known subspecies:

  • Catherpes mexicanus griseus Aldrich , 1946 occurs in southwestern Canada and the northwestern United States. Very similar to C. m. conspersus , but less reddish on the top and bottom. From C. m. punctulatus , the subspecies is distinguished by its paler coloration with a more greyish tint.
  • Catherpes mexicanus pallidior Phillips, AR , 1986 occurs in the north-central and west-central areas of the United States. The subspecies is paler than the nominate form, especially on the skull.
  • Catherpes mexicanus conspersus Ridgway , 1873 is common in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The subspecies is smaller and paler. In addition, the beak is shorter.
  • Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus Ridgway , 1882 occurs in east central California . In terms of color, the subspecies is between C. m. mexicanus and C. m. conspersus . It is about the same size as the latter subspecies.
  • Catherpes mexicanus croizati Phillips, AR , 1986 is common in southern Baja California . The subspecies is smaller and lighter in color than the nominate form, but has a warmer reddish-brown color on the underside.
  • Catherpes mexicanus mexicanus ( Swainson , 1829) occurs in central and southern Mexico.
  • Catherpes mexicanus meliphonus Oberholser , 1930 is widespread in northwestern Mexico. The subspecies is smaller and lighter in color than the nominate form.
  • Catherpes mexicanus cantator Phillips, AR , 1966 occurs in southwestern Mexico. The subspecies is darker, resembles the nominate form but is smaller.

Catherpes mexicanus albifrons ( Giraud , 1841) is considered a synonym for the nominate form.

Etymology and history of research

Plate for the original description of the canyon wren

The canyon wren was first described in 1829 by William Swainson under the scientific name Thryothorus mexicanus . The type specimen was collected by Roger Morgan (1792–1825 / 27) in Real del Monte and went to the natural history collection of John Taylor . It was not until 1858 that Spencer Fullerton Baird introduced the genus Catherpes, which was new to science . This name is derived from "katherpēs, katherpō καθερπης, καθερπω " for "creep, creep up". The species name »mexicanus« refers to the country Mexico. »Griseus, griseum, grisius« is the Latin word for »gray«, »pallidior, pallidioris« for »paler« from »pallidus, pallere« for »pale, pale«, »conspersus« for »sprinkled, wetted« by » conspergere «for» sprinkle «,» punctulatus «for» dotted, dotted «from» punctulum, punctum, pungere «for» small punkz, dot, dot «and» cantator, cantatoris «for» singer «from» cantare, canere «for "to sing". "Meliphonus" is a Greek word formation from "meli, melitos μελι, μελιτος " for "honey" and "phōnē, phōneō φωνη, φωνεω " for "voice, sound, speak". »Croizati« is dedicated to Léon Camille Marius Croizat (1894–1982).

literature

  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma , David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Canyon Wren (Catherpes mexicanus) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • William Swainson: Zoological illustrations, or, Original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals: selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged on the principles of Cuvier and other modern zoologists . tape 1 . Printed by R. Havell, Jun., Published by Baldwin, Cradock, and Cradock., London 1829 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Allan Robert Phillips: Further systematic notes on Mexican birds . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 86 , no. 5 , 1966, pp. 86-94 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Allan Robert Phillips: The known birds of North and Middle America. Distributions and Variation, Migrations, Changes, Hybrids, etc. 1 (Hirundinidae to Mimidae; Certhiidae). Roberts Rinehart Publisher, Denver 1986, ISBN 0-9617402-0-5 .
  • Robert Ridgway: On some new forms of American birds . In: The American Naturalist . tape 7 , no. 10 , 1873, p. 602-619 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Robert Ridgway: Description of some new North American birds . In: Proceedings of the United States National Museum . tape 5 , no. 285 , 1882, pp. 343-346 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Warren Aldrich: New subspecies of birds from Western North America . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 59 , October 25, 1946, p. 129-136 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Harry Church Oberholser : Notes on a collection of birds from Arizona and New Mexico . In: Scientific Publications of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History . tape 1 , no. 4 , 1930, p. 84-124 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Spencer Fullerton Baird, John Cassin, George Newbold Lawrence: Birds . In: Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. tape 9 , no. 2 , 1858, p. 1-1005 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jacob Post Giraud: A description of sixteen new species of North American birds, described in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History . GF Nesbitt, New York 1841 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Canyon Wren ( Catherpes mexicanus )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ^ John Warren Aldrich (1946), p. 131.
  4. ^ Allan Robert Phillips (1986), p. 169.
  5. ^ Robert Ridgway (1873), p. 603.
  6. ^ Robert Ridgway (1882), p. 343.
  7. ^ A b Allan Robert Phillips (1986), p. 170.
  8. ^ A b c William Swainson (1829), plate 11 & text.
  9. ^ Harry Church Oberholser (1930), p. 95.
  10. ^ Allan Robert Phillips (1966), p. 86.
  11. ^ Jacob Post Giraud (1841), p. 31, plate 8.
  12. ^ Spencer Fullerton Baird, p. 356.
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 94.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 179.
  15. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 289.
  16. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 117.
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 324.
  18. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 89.
  19. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 249.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Swainson seems to have mistakenly mixed up the names here.
  2. ^ Baird categorized C. m. mexicanus in the new genus and distinguished it from the rock wren ( Salpinctes obsoletus ).