Ceropegia bulbosa

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Ceropegia bulbosa
Ceropegia bulbosa (original illustration from Roxburgh, 1795)

Ceropegia bulbosa (original illustration from Roxburgh, 1795)

Systematics
Family : Dog poison family (Apocynaceae)
Subfamily : Silk plants (Asclepiadoideae)
Tribe : Ceropegieae
Sub tribus : Stapeliinae
Genre : Candlestick flowers ( Ceropegia )
Type : Ceropegia bulbosa
Scientific name
Ceropegia bulbosa
Roxb.

Ceropegia bulbosa is a species of the subfamily of the silk plants (Asclepiadoideae). It has a very extensive range that extends from East Africa over the southern Arabian Peninsula to India and Bangladesh .

description

Vegetative characteristics

Ceropegia bulbosa is a perennial herbaceous plant . This geophyte forms more or less strongly flattened root tubers with a diameter of 40 to 60 mm, which are roughly barked. The annually newly formed, strongly twisting, little branched, 0.2 to about 1 m long stem axes are comparatively delicate and thin with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm; they are not very hairy.

The opposite leaves are petiolate. The simple, fleshy leaf blades are 1 to 10 cm long and 0.3 to 1.2 cm wide, elliptical, egg-shaped, lanceolate to linear. The leaf surfaces are covered with individual, rough plant hairs.

Inflorescence and flowers

The shingled inflorescence , standing on a 2 to 25 mm long inflorescence stem, contains two to eight flowers. The flower stalks are 5 to 15 mm long.

The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are subpulate with a length of 2 to 4 mm. The 1.2 to 3.0 cm long / high corolla is light gray-green in color and mostly more or less red-brown striped or spotted. The corolla tube basin at the base of the flower is somewhat flattened, spherical, 3 to 4 mm high and 4 to 5 mm in diameter. The corolla tube has a diameter of 1.5 to 2.0 mm and widens up to 5 to 10 mm. It is colored light purple on the inside and has basal hairs. The insides of the petal tips are purple with a white spot at the base, the tips are often greenish. They are 4 to 10 mm long, basal 3 to 6 mm wide, apically only 0.5 to 1 mm wide. The two halves of each petal lobe are completely folded outwards along the central axis. The tips of the corolla lobes are fused over the corolla tube and occasionally also twisted. Often they are also thickened; all five petal lobes form a spherical structure. The petal lobes are hairy inside and on the edges. The short-stalked or sessile corolla has the shape of a 2 to 3 mm high and equally wide, flat bowl. The lobes of the interstaminal side crown are at a height of 0.5 to 0.8 cm and a width of 0.8 to 1.1 mm wide-rectangular, with a central groove. The lobes of the staminal secondary crown, either free or in the middle in contact, are cylindrical with a length of 1.5 to 2.0 mm. The 0.25 mm high and 0.2 mm wide, teardrop or egg-shaped pollinia have a small, elliptical corpusculum . The flower produces nectar that collects in nectar pockets.

Fruits and seeds

The angled, mostly paired follicles are gray-green and spindle-shaped with a length of about 10 mm and a diameter of about 3 mm. The elongated egg-shaped seeds with a length of 8 to 9 mm are flattened with a wide margin. The head of hair measures 2.5 to 3.8 cm in length.

Distribution and ecology

Ceropegia bulbosa has a very large distribution area in a broad version of the taxon , which extends from Bangladesh , India and Pakistan in the east via Saudi Arabia , Oman and Yemen to Ethiopia , Somalia , Kenya and Tanzania in the west.

On the Coromandel coast (India), Ceropegia bulbosa grows according to Roxburgh on dry, uncultivated land between bushes and hedges. In India the species blooms from July to September.

In southern Pakistan it sprouts annually after the first monsoon rains. The first flowers appear around 15 to 20 days later. They open in the late afternoon and wilt after just 24 hours. The flowering period extends from July to August and lasts for about 1.5 months. After the fruits have opened, the above-ground shoots die and only the tuber survives. In Pakistan, the flowers are pollinated by Forcipomyia species ( midges , Ceratopogonidae).

The occurrence on the Arabian Peninsula is limited to two disjoint relic occurrences, one in northern Yemen and southwestern Saudi Arabia as well as another occurrence in Oman , which extends into eastern Yemen ( al-Mahra governorate ). In Northern Yemen, the species grows in dry scrubland with euphorbias and wax tree bushes at altitudes over 1000 m. In Oman, the species occurs in shaded cliffs or climbing in thickets from sea level to 700 m. The population in East Yemen grows in open Anogeissus forest areas at 380 m to 580 m above sea level.

In Kenya the species was found at 1400 m above sea level. In East Africa and India the tubers are eaten as a thirst quencher.

Systematics and taxonomy

The first publication of Ceropegia bulbosa was made in 1795 by William Roxburgh . The type specimen came from the Coromandel coast in India. Matthew (2004) specified the locality as the Northern Circars in what is now the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . Meve (2002) defines the species Ceropegia bulbosa very broadly and also includes numerous other taxa as synonyms , for example Ceropegia acuminata Roxb., Ceropegia lushii Graham, Ceropegia vignaldiana A. Rich., Ceropegia tuberosa Dalziel & Gibson, Ceropegia esculenta Edgew. and Ceropegia brosima EABruce & PROBally.

Ansari (1984) and Jagtap et al. (1999) differentiated two varieties:

  • Ceropegia bulbosa var. Bulbosa
  • Ceropegia bulbosa var. Lushii (Grah.) Hook.f.

The latter two taxa are not recognized in the Plant List and the Ceropegia Checklist .

Endangerment, artificial reproduction and medical significance

In 2013 Indian scientists succeeded in propagating the species in vitro and rooting it ex vitro . This is considered an important step as the species has medicinal significance and has become rare in the wild. It is classified as endangered. The tubers are used against diarrhea and dysentery. The plant also contains components that can be used against kidney and bladder stone diseases.

supporting documents

literature

  • MY Ansari: Asclepiadaceae: Genus Ceropegia. In: Fascicles of Flora of India , Fascicle 16, 1984, pp. 1-34, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah (pp. 10/1)
  • Henk J. Beentje (Eds.), David Goyder, Timothy Harris, Siro Masinde, Ulrich Meve, Johan Venter: Flora of Tropical East Africa, Apocynaceae (Part 2). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012, ISBN 978-1-84246-396-3 , pp. 115-530 ( C. bulbosa pp. 255/6).
  • Herbert H. Huber: Revision of the genus Ceropegia. In: Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana , Volume 12, 1957, pp. 1–203, Coimbra (p. 128)
  • AP Jagtap, N. Singh, N .: Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae. In: Fascicles of Flora of India , Fascicle 24, 1999, pp. 211-241, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata (p. 217).
  • Ulrich Meve: Ceropegia . In: Focke Albers, Ulrich Meve (Hrsg.): Sukkulentenlexikon. Volume 3: Asclepiadaceae (silk plant family). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3982-0 , pp. 61-107.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ SI Ali: Ceropegia bulbosa. In: SI Ali, M. Qaiser (eds.): Flora of Pakistan 150: Asclepiadaceae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi 1983, p. 49, online.
  2. ^ A b William Roxburgh: Plants of the Coast of Coromandel; Selected From Drawings and Descriptions presented to the Hon. Court of Directors of the East India Company. , Volume 1, Bulmer, London 1795 scanned in at Botanicus.org (description of Ceropegia bulbosa on p. 11, plate 7).
  3. ↑ a b Tahir Ali: Pollination ecology of some Asclepiads (Asclepiadaceae) from Pakistan. PhD Thesis, University of Karachi, Department of Botany, 1994, 261 S. PDF (description of Ceropegia bulbosa pp. 64–66, 68)
  4. ^ Peter Vincent Bruyns: Studies of the Flora of Arabia. XXIV. The genus Ceropegia in Arabia. In: Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Volume 45, No. 2, 1988, pp. 287-326.
  5. ^ Norbert Kilian, Peter Hein, Mohamed Ali Hubaishan: New and Noteworthy Records for the Flora of Yemen, Chiefly of Hadhramout and Al-Mahra. In: Willdenowia. Volume 32, No. 2, 2002, pp. 239-269, abstract and PDF file
  6. ↑ Eileen Adelaide Bruce, Peter René Oscar Bally: Ceropegia brosima Bruce et Bally, sp. nov. In: Anonymus (Ed.): Tropical African Plants: XXI. In: Kew Bulletin. Volume 5, No. 3, 1951, pp. 368-369, London, JSTOR 4109425 .
  7. ↑ KM Matthew: William Roxburgh's plants of the Coast of Coromandel: an Enumeration of Species. In: Blumea. Volume 49, 2004, pp. 367-405 doi : 10.3767 / 000651904X484333
  8. ^ Rafael Govaerts (ed.): World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (in review): Ceropegia. Published in: The Plant List. A working list of all plant species. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Missouri Botanical Garden, accessed December 2, 2011.
  9. ↑ Ulrich Meve: Ceropegia Checklist. A guide to alternative names used in recent Ceropegia classification. In: Dennis de Kock, Ulrich Meve: A Checklist of Brachystelma, Ceropegia and the genera of the Stapeliads. International Asclepiad Society 2007, pp. 83-113.
  10. ↑ Mahendra Phulwaria, NS Shekhawat, JS Rathore, RP Singh: An efficient in vitro regeneration and ex vitro rooting of Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. - A threatened and pharmaceutical important plant of Indian Thar Desert. Industrial Crops and Products, 42: 25-29, 2013, doi : 10.1016 / j.indcrop.2012.05.013

Web links

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