Chandelier flowers
Chandelier flowers | ||||||||||||
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Climbing candlestick flower ( Ceropegia sandersonii ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Ceropegia | ||||||||||||
L. |
The candlestick flowers ( Ceropegia ) are a genus of plants in the subfamily silk plants (Asclepiadoideae) within the dog poison family (Apocynaceae). The common German name Leuchterblume refers to the candelabra - like appearance of some flowers .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Ceropegia species grow as perennial herbaceous plants . Often they are leaf and / or stem succulents . They are mostly climbers , twists, or the plants have creeping runners . Only the few species of the Canary Islands have upright growth forms. Among the numerous species there are also many succulent forms with leaf, stem or root succulence . They usually contain clear, rarely white, milky juice . Depending on the species, they form tubers or rhizomes as permanent organs. They are evergreen or shed their leaves in the dry season.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are structured differently.
The relatively large flowers are hermaphroditic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused at their base.
According to their shape and function, the flowers of the candlestick flowers are among the most complicated flowers that evolution has produced. According to their shape, the flowers of most candlestick flowers can be called window blossoms . The five petals are mostly fused together at the tips (exception: Ceropegia stapeliiformis and its subspecies). The more or less filigree petals leave more or less large gaps on the flanks. In some species the petals are very thin and curved outwards and give the flowers a lampion-like appearance. The secondary or inner crown is enclosed in the bulbous part of the corolla tube. The five stamens are fused to the short stamens to form a tube.
ecology
In terms of flower ecology, the flower is also known as a trap trap or sliding trap . The insects are attracted by their smell and hair into the distended rear part of the flower and are caught there by hairs or bristles that are raised to the rear. There, the female sexual organs have matured first, which are pollinated by the pollen packets brought with them. As a rule, only then does the pollen ripen, which the insects pick up when they move around in the trap. Then the hairs in the throat relax and the insects are released again. So far, however, it has only been clarified for a few species how the mostly very small (around 3 mm long) flies are attracted. In the case of Ceropegia dolichophylla , the fragrance of the flowers was carefully analyzed. Its composition resembles certain insect pheromones . The milichiid flies that are attracted by the scent of the flower of Ceropegia dolichophylla are kleptoparasites that feed on the hemolymph or other excretions of the prey of predatory arthropods . They are lured to their prey by the scent. The scent of the flower of Ceropegia dolichophylla mimics a potential prey of these kleptoparasitic flies.
distribution
The occurrence extends from the Canary Islands in the west across Africa , Madagascar , the Arabian Peninsula , India and China to the Philippines as well as New Guinea and Australia .
Systematics
The genus Ceropegia was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Volume 2 of Species Plantarum on page 211. The type species is Ceropegia candelabrum . The botanical generic name Ceropegia is probably derived from the Greek words κέρος kéros for wax and πηγή pegé for source.
A synonym for Ceropegia is Obesia Haw.
Currently, around 383 species are recognized as valid Ceropegia species. Individual, mostly newer species not (yet) included in the Plant List and Checklist have been added.
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Ceropegia abyssinica Decne.
- Ceropegia abyssinica var. Abyssinica
- Ceropegia abyssinica var. Songeensis H. Huber
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Ceropegia Achtii De Wild. (Syn .: Ceropegia Achtii subsp. Adolfi (Schltr. Ex Werderm.) H. Huber ), with the subspecies:
- Ceropegia Achtii subsp. eighth ii
- Ceropegia Achtii subsp. togoensis H. Huber
- Ceropegia acicularis Kidyoo
- Ceropegia affinis Vatke
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Ceropegia africana R.Br. , with the subspecies:
- Ceropegia africana subsp. africana
- Ceropegia africana subsp. barklyi (Hook.f.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia ahmarensis Masinde
- Ceropegia albipilosa (A. Lancaster ex Peckover) Bruyns
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Ceropegia albisepta Jum. & H.Perrier , with the varieties:
- Ceropegia albisepta var. Albisepta
- Ceropegia albisepta var. Robynsiana (Werderm.) H. Huber (Syn .: Ceropegia albisepta var. Bruceana H. Huber )
- Ceropegia alpina (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia ambovombensis Rauh & Gérold
- Ceropegia ampliata E. Mey.
- Ceropegia anantii S.R. Yadav , Sardesai & SPGaikwad
- Ceropegia andamanica Sreek., Veenak. & Prashanth
- Ceropegia angustata Bruyns
- Ceropegia anjanerica Malpure, MYKamble & SRYadav
- Ceropegia antennifera Schltr. (Syn .: Ceropegia craibii J.E. Victor )
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Ceropegia arabica H.Huber , with the varieties:
- Ceropegia arabica var. Abbreviata Bruyns
- Ceropegia arabica var. Arabica
- Ceropegia arabica var. Powysii (DVField) Meve & Mangelsdorff
- Ceropegia arabica var. Superba (Field & Collen.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia arenaria R.A. Dyer
- Ceropegia aridicola W.W. Smith
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Ceropegia aristolochioides Decne. , with the subspecies:
- Ceropegia aristolochioides ssp. aristolochioides (Syn .: Ceropegia burgeri M.G. Gilbert )
- Ceropegia aristolochioides ssp. deflersiana Bruyns
- Ceropegia armandii Rough
- Ceropegia arnottiana Wight
- Ceropegia arnottii (Baker) Bruyns
- Ceropegia attenuata Hook.
- Ceropegia attenuatula Bruyns
- Ceropegia australis (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia ballyana Bullock
- Ceropegia barbata R.A. Dyer
- Ceropegia barberae (Harv. Ex Hook.f.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia barnesii E.A. Bruce & Chatterjee
- Ceropegia beddomei Hook.f.
- Ceropegia bhatii Yadav & Shendage
- Ceropegia bhutanica H.Hara
- Ceropegia bikitaensis (Peckover) Bruyns
- Ceropegia blepharanthera (Hans Huber) Bruyns
- Ceropegia boerhaaviifolia Deflers
- Ceropegia bonafouxii K.Schum.
- Ceropegia bosseri Rauh & Buchloh
- Ceropegia bourneae (Gamble) Bruyns
- Ceropegia bowkeri Harv.
- Ceropegia bracteolata (Meve) Bruyns
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Ceropegia breviflora (Schltr.) Bruyns : With the subspecies:
- Ceropegia breviflora subsp. breviflora
- Ceropegia breviflora subsp. flavida (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia brevipedicellata (Turrill) Bruyns
- Ceropegia brevitubulata Bedd.
- Ceropegia browniana (S.Moore) Bruyns
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Ceropegia bruceae (RADyer) Bruyns . With the subspecies:
- Ceropegia bruceae subsp. bruceae
- Ceropegia bruceae subsp. hirsuta (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia buchananii (NEBr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb.
- Ceropegia burchelliana Bruyns
- Ceropegia caffra (Schltr.) Bruyns
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Ceropegia campanulata G.Don . With two varieties:
- Ceropegia campanulata var. Campanulata
- Ceropegia campanulata var. Pulchella H. Huber
- Ceropegia campanuliformis Bruyns
- Ceropegia cana (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia cancellata Rchb.
- Ceropegia candelabrum L.
- Ceropegia carnosa E. Mey.
- Ceropegia cataphyllaris Bullock
- Ceropegia cathcartensis (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia chlorantha (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia chlorozona (EABruce) Bruyns
- Ceropegia christenseniana Hand.-Mazz.
- Ceropegia christianeae (Peckover) Bruyns
- Ceropegia ciliata Wight
- Ceropegia ciliatior Bruyns
- Ceropegia cimiciodora Oberm.
- Ceropegia circinata (E. Mey.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia claviloba Werderm.
- Ceropegia cochleata Kidyoo
- Ceropegia coddii (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia codonantha (Bruyns) Bruyns
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Ceropegia collaricorona Werderm. (Syn .: Ceropegia rendallii N.E.Br. ): With the subspecies:
- Ceropegia collaricorona subsp. collaricorona
- Ceropegia collaricorona subsp. mutongaensis (Masinde) Bruyn (Syn .: Ceropegia rendallii ssp. mutongaensis Masinde )
- Ceropegia concanensis Kambale, Chandore, SRYadav
- Ceropegia conrathii Schltr.
- Ceropegia convolvuloides A.Rich.
- Ceropegia cordiloba Werderm.
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Ceropegia crassifolia Schltr. , with the varieties:
- Ceropegia crassifolia var. Crassifolia
- Ceropegia crassifolia var. Copleyae (EABruce & Bally) H. Huber
- Ceropegia cufodontii Chiov.
- Ceropegia cumingiana Decne.
- Ceropegia cummingii (APDold) Bruyns
- Ceropegia cupulata (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia cycnifolia R.A.Dyer
- Ceropegia damannii stop
- Ceropegia daverichardsii Bruyns
- Ceropegia decaisneana Wigh t
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Ceropegia decidua E.A. Bruce . With the subspecies:
- Ceropegia decidua subsp. decidua
- Ceropegia decidua subsp. pretoriensis R.A.Dyer
- Ceropegia decipientiflora Bruyns
- Ceropegia deightonii Hutch. & Dalziel
- Ceropegia delicata (RADyer) Bruyns
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Ceropegia denticulata K.Schum. : With the varieties:
- Ceropegia denticulata var. Denticulata
- Ceropegia denticulata var. Brownii (Ledger) probally
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Forked candlestick flower ( Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. ), With the subspecies:
- Ceropegia dichotoma subsp. dichotoma
- Ceropegia dichotoma subsp. krainzii (Svent.) P.Bruyns
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Ceropegia differens Bruyns , with the subspecies:
- Ceropegia differens subsp. differens
- Ceropegia differens subsp. grata (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia digitiformis Kidyoo
- Ceropegia dimorpha Humbert
- Ceropegia dinteri Schltr.
- Ceropegia dinteriana Bruyns
- Ceropegia discoidea (RADyer) Bruyns
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Ceropegia distincta N.E.Br. , with the varieties:
- Ceropegia distincta var. Brevirostris (PROBally & DVField) Masinde
- Ceropegia distincta var. Distincta
- Ceropegia distincta var. Rostrata Masinde
- Ceropegia dolichophylla Schltr.
- Ceropegia dorjei C.EC fish.
- Ceropegia dryophila CK cutting.
- Ceropegia duplicata (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia dyeri (K.Balkwill, M.Balkwill & Cadman) Bruyns
- Ceropegia edulissima Bruyns
- Ceropegia elegans Wall.
- Ceropegia elegantior Bruyns
- Ceropegia elegantula (S.Moore) Bruyns
- Ceropegia elenaduensis (Sathyan.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia ellenbeckii K.Schum.
- Ceropegia elongata (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia ensifolia Bedd.
- Ceropegia erergotana M.G.Gilbert
- Ceropegia evansii McCann
- Ceropegia exigua (H.Huber) MGGilbert & PTLi
- Ceropegia exilis (Bullock) Bruyns
- Ceropegia fantastica Sedgw.
- Ceropegia festucifolia (EABruce) Bruyns
- Ceropegia filicorona Masinde
- Ceropegia filifolia (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia filiformis (Burch.) Schltr.
- Ceropegia filipendula K.Schum.
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Ceropegia fimbriata E. Mey. , with the subspecies:
- Ceropegia fimbriata subsp. fimbriata
- Ceropegia fimbriata subsp. connivens (Dyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia fimbriata subsp. geniculata (Dyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia fimbriifera Bedd.
- Ceropegia floribunda N.E.Br.
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Ceropegia floribundior Bruyns , with the varieties:
- Ceropegia floribundior var. Floribundior
- Ceropegia floribundior var. Mlimakito (Masinde) Bruyn
- Ceropegia foliosa Bruyns
- Ceropegia fortuita R.A. Dyer
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Ceropegia franksiae (NEBr.) Bruyns , with the subspecies:
- Ceropegia franksiae subsp. franksiae
- Ceropegia franksiae subsp. grandiflora (APDold & Bruyns) Bruyns
- Ceropegia furcata Werderm.
- Red-brown candlestick flower ( Ceropegia fusca Bolle )
- Ceropegia fusiformis N.E.Br.
- Ceropegia galeata H. Huber
- Ceropegia gardneri Thwaites
- Ceropegia gemmea (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia gerrardii (Harv.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia gikyi Rauh & Gérold
- Ceropegia gilgiana Werderm.
- Ceropegia glabra (Hook.f.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia glabriflora (F.Muell.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia glenensis (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia gracilior Bruyns
- Ceropegia gracillima (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia gymnopoda Schltr.
- Ceropegia gypsophila Thulin
- Ceropegia haygarthii Schltr.
- Ceropegia hermannii Rauh & Teissier
- Ceropegia hirsuta Wight & Arn.
- Ceropegia hirtella (Weim.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia hofstaetteri Rauh
- Ceropegia hookeri C.B. Clarke ex Hook.f.
- Ceropegia huberi Ansari
- Ceropegia humbertii H. Huber
- Ceropegia huttonii (Harv.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia illegitima H. Huber
- Ceropegia imbricata E.A. Bruce & PROBally
- Ceropegia incana (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia inconspicuior Bruyns
- Ceropegia inflata Hochst. ex Werderm.
- Ceropegia inornata P.ROBally ex Masinde
- Ceropegia insignis R.A. Dyer
- Ceropegia intermedia Wight
- Ceropegia jainii Ansari & BGPKulk.
- Ceropegia jinshaensis Zhi-Kun, Jie, Lei & De-Tuan.
- Ceropegia johnsonii N.E.Br.
- Ceropegia johnstonii (NEBr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia juncea Roxb.
- Ceropegia kaariyei Thulin
- Ceropegia kachinensis Prain (Synonym: Ceropegia farrokhii McCann )
- Ceropegia karulensis Punekar, Tamhankar, Lakshmin., Kumaran, Raut, SKSrivast. & Cavade
- Ceropegia keniensis Masinde
- Ceropegia kenyana Bruyns
- Ceropegia kerrii (Craib) Bruyns
- Ceropegia kerzneri (Peckover) Bruyns
- Ceropegia kituloensis Masinde & F. Albers
- Ceropegia kolarensis
- Ceropegia konasita Masinde
- Ceropegia kundelunguensis Malaisse
- Ceropegia laevigata (Wight) Bruyns
- Ceropegia laikipiensis Masinde
- Ceropegia lancasteri (Boele) Bruyns
- Ceropegia langkawiensis Rintz
- Ceropegia lankana (Dassan. & Jayas.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia laotica Rodda & Meve
- Ceropegia lawii Hook.f.
- Ceropegia ledermannii Schltr.
- Ceropegia leptophylla Bruyns
- Ceropegia leroyi Rauh & Marn.-Lap.
- Ceropegia letestui (Pellegr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia lindenii Lavranos
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Ceropegia linearis E. Mey. , with the subspecies:
- Ceropegia linearis subsp. linearis
- Ceropegia linearis subsp. debilis (NEBr.) H. Huber
- Ceropegia linearis subsp. tenuis (NEBr.) Bruyns (Syn .: Ceropegia tenuis N.E.Br. )
- Ceropegia linearis subsp. woodii (Schltr.) H.Huber (Syn .: Ceropegia woodii Schltr. )
- Ceropegia linophyllum H. Huber
- Ceropegia longifolia Wall.
- Ceropegia longifoliata Bruyns
- Ceropegia loranthiflora N.E.Br.
- Ceropegia loureiroi G.Don ("poorly known species" in the checklist)
- Ceropegia lucida Wall.
- Ceropegia ludlowii H. Huber
- Ceropegia lugardiae N.E.Br.
- Ceropegia luteiflora Bruyns
- Ceropegia maccannii Ansari
- Ceropegia macmasteri A.P.Dold
- Ceropegia macrantha Wight
- Ceropegia macropetala (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia maculata Bedd.
- Ceropegia madagascariensis Decne.
- Ceropegia madens Werderm.
- Ceropegia mafekingensis (NEBr.) RADyer
- Ceropegia mahabalei Hemadri & Ansari
- Ceropegia mahajanii (Kambale & SRYadav) Bruyns
- Ceropegia maharashtrensis Punekar, Tamhankar, Lakshmin., Kumaran, Raut & SKSrivast.
- Ceropegia mairei (H.Lév.) H.Huber
- Ceropegia maiuscula H. Huber
- Ceropegia malwanensis (SRYadav & NPSingh) Bruyns
- Ceropegia manderensis Masinde
- Ceropegia mannarana P.Umam. & P.Daniel
- Ceropegia manoharii Sujanapal, Salim, Anil & Sasidh
- Ceropegia maritae (Peckover) Bruyns
- Ceropegia matthewiana (Bruyns & Britto) Bruyns
- Ceropegia mayottae H. Huber
- Ceropegia media (H. Huber) Ansari
- Ceropegia megasepala (Peckover) Bruyns
- Ceropegia meleagris H. Huber
- Ceropegia mendesii stop
- Ceropegia merrilliana Bruyns
- Ceropegia metziana Miq.
- Ceropegia meyeri Decne.
- Ceropegia meyeri-Johannis Engler
- Ceropegia meyeriana (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia micriflora Bruyns
- Ceropegia micro-gassed M.G.Gilbert
- Ceropegia minima (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia minor (EABruce) Bruyns
- Ceropegia mizoramensis Ram.Kumar, Sharma & Dwivedi
- Ceropegia modestantha Bruyns
- Ceropegia mohanramii S.R. Yadav , MNGavade & Sardesai
- Ceropegia molaventi (Peckover & AEvan Wyk) Bruyns
- Ceropegia monticola (H.Huber) MGGilbert
- Ceropegia montiphila Bruyns
- Ceropegia muliensis W.W.Sm.
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Ceropegia multiflora Baker , with the subspecies:
- Ceropegia multiflora subsp. multiflora
- Ceropegia multiflora subsp. tentaculata (NEBr.) H. Huber
- Ceropegia murlensis Ram.Kumar, Sharma & Dwivedi
- Ceropegia muzingana Malaisse
- Ceropegia namaquensis Bruyns
- Ceropegia nampyana Manudev, Kambale & Pramod
- Ceropegia namuliensis Bruyns
- Ceropegia nana Collett & Hemsl.
- Ceropegia nanior Bruyns
- Ceropegia neo-omissa Bruyns
- Ceropegia neoarachnoidea Bruyns
- Ceropegia neocompta Bruyns
- Ceropegia neofurcata Bruyns
- Ceropegia nepalensis (Radcl.-Sm.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia nephroloba (H.Huber) Bruyns
- Ceropegia ngomensis (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia nigra N.E.Br.
- Ceropegia nilotica Kotschy (Syn .: Ceropegia nilotica var. Simplex H. Huber )
- Ceropegia noorjahaniae M.A. Ansari
- Ceropegia nutans (Bruyns) Bruyns
- Ceropegia obtusa Lour.
- Ceropegia occidens Bruyns
- Ceropegia occidentalis R.A. Dyer
- Ceropegia occulta R.A. Dyer
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Ceropegia oculata Hook.
- Ceropegia oculata var. Occulta
- Ceropegia oculata var. Satpudensis Punekar, Jagtap & Deokule
- Ceropegia odorata Nimmo
- Ceropegia oiantha (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia omissa H. Huber
- Ceropegia pachypodium (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia pachystelma Schltr.
- Ceropegia panchganiensis leaf. & McCann
- Ceropegia paohsingensis Tsiang & PTLi
- Ceropegia papillata N.E.Br.
- Ceropegia paricyma N.E.Br.
- Ceropegia parvior Bruyns
- Ceropegia parvissima Bruyns
- Ceropegia perdita (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia petignatii Rough
- Ceropegia petrophila Bruyns
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Ceropegia peulhorum A. Chev. , with the varieties:
- Ceropegia peulhorum var. Breviloba H.Huber
- Ceropegia peulhorum var. Peulhorum
- Ceropegia plocamoides (Oliv.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia poluniniana Bruyns
- Ceropegia porphyrotricha W.W.Sm.
- Ceropegia praelonga (S.Moore) Bruyns
- Ceropegia praetermissa J.Raynal & A.Raynal
- Ceropegia prostrata (EABruce) Bruyns
- Ceropegia pruinosior Bruyns
- Ceropegia pubescens Wall.
- Ceropegia pulchellior Bruyns
- Ceropegia pullaiahiana Bruyns
- Ceropegia pullaiahii Raja Kullayisw., Sandhyar. & Karupp.
- Ceropegia punctifera Bruyns
- Ceropegia purpurascens K.Schum.
- Ceropegia pusilla Wight & Arn.
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Ceropegia racemosa N.E.Br.
- Ceropegia racemosa var. Racemosa
- Ceropegia racemosa var. Tanganyikensis Masinde
- Ceropegia racemosa var. Voiensis Masinde
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Ceropegia radicans Schltr. , with the subspecies:
- Ceropegia radicans subsp. radicans
- Ceropegia radicans subsp. smithii (MRHend.) RADyer
- Ceropegia ramosissima (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia rapinatiana (Britto & Bruyns) Bruyns
- Ceropegia ravikumariana Kambale & Gnanasek.
- Ceropegia recurvata M.G. Gilbert
- Ceropegia recurviloba Bruyns
- Ceropegia remota (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia rendallii N.E.Br.
- Ceropegia rhynchantha Schltr.
- Ceropegia richardsiae Masinde
- Ceropegia ringens A.Rich.
- Ceropegia ringoetii De Wild.
- Ceropegia robivelonae Rauh & Gérold
- Ceropegia rollae Hemadri
- Ceropegia rubella (E. Mey.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia rudatisii Schltr.
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Ceropegia rupicola Deflers , with the varieties:
- Ceropegia rupicola var. Rupicola
- Ceropegia rupicola var. Stictantha N.P.Taylor
- Ceropegia sabuliphila Bruyns
- Ceropegia sahyadrica Ansari & Kulkarni
- Ceropegia saldanhae (Britto & Bruyns) Bruyns
- Ceropegia salicifolia H. Huber
- Ceropegia sandersoniana Bruyns
- Climbing candlestick flower ( Ceropegia sandersonii Decne. Ex Hook.f. )
- Ceropegia sankuruensis Schltr. ex De Wild.
- Ceropegia santapaui Wadhwa & Ansari
- Ceropegia saxatilis Jum. & H.Perrier
- Ceropegia scabra Jum. & H.Perrier
- Ceropegia scabriflora N.E.Br.
- Ceropegia schinziata Bruyns
- Ceropegia schizoglossoides (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia schoenlandiana (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia schultzei (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia schumanniana Swarupan & Mangaly
- Ceropegia sepium Deflers
- Ceropegia setosa (Peckover) Bruyns
- Ceropegia simoneae Rough
- Ceropegia simplex (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia sinoerecta M.G.Gilbert
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Ceropegia sobolifera N.E.Br. , with the varieties:
- Ceropegia sobolifera var. Sobolifera
- Ceropegia sobolifera var. Nephroloba H. Huber
- Ceropegia somalensis Chiov.
- Ceropegia sootepensis Craib
- Ceropegia spaniflora Bruyns
- Ceropegia spathulata (Lindl.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia speciosa H. Huber
- Ceropegia spiralis Wight
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Ceropegia stapeliiformis Haw. , with the subspecies:
- Ceropegia stapeliiformis subsp. stapeliiformis
- Ceropegia stapeliiformis subsp. serpentina (EABruce) RADyer
- Ceropegia stellata (EABruce & RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia stenantha K.Schum.
- Ceropegia stenifolia Bruyns
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Ceropegia stenoloba Hochst. ex Chiov. : With the varieties:
- Ceropegia stenoloba var. Stenoloba
- Ceropegia stenoloba var. Schliebenii (Margr.) Masinde
- Ceropegia stenoloba var. Moyalensis H.Huber
- Ceropegia stenophylla C.K. Schneid.
- Ceropegia stentiae E.A.Bruce
- Ceropegia striata Meve & Masinde
- Ceropegia subaphylla K.Schum.
- Ceropegia suddeei Kidyoo
- Ceropegia swarupa (Kishore & Goyder) Bruyns
- Ceropegia swazica (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia swaziorum D.V.Field
- Ceropegia tabularia (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia talbotii S.Moore
- Ceropegia taprobanica H. Huber
- Ceropegia tavalla (K.Schum.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia tenella (RADyer) Bruyns
- Ceropegia teniana Hand .-- Mazz.
- Ceropegia tenuicaulis Kidyoo
- Ceropegia tenuior Bruyns
- Ceropegia tenuissifolia Bruyns
- Ceropegia terebriformis Best
- Ceropegia thailandica Meve
- Ceropegia thaithongiae Kidyoo
- Ceropegia theronii (Bruyns) Bruyns
- Ceropegia thorelii Costantin
- Ceropegia thunbergii (NEBr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia thwaitesii Hook.
- Ceropegia tihamana Chaudhary & Lavranos
- Ceropegia tomentosa Schltr.
- Ceropegia tourana A. Chev.
- Ceropegia tribounii Kidyoo
- Ceropegia trichantha Hemsl.
- Ceropegia turricula E.A. Bruce
- Ceropegia ugeni C.EC fish.
- Ceropegia umbraticola K.Schum.
- Ceropegia vanderystii De Wild.
- Ceropegia variegata Decne.
- Ceropegia vartakii (Kambale & SRYadav) Bruyns
- Ceropegia verticillata Masinde
- Ceropegia villosa (Schltr.) Bruyns
- Ceropegia vincifolia Hook.
- Ceropegia volubicaulis Bruyns
- Ceropegia volubilis N.E.Br.
- Ceropegia wallichii Wight
- Ceropegia yampwapwa Masinde
- Ceropegia yemenensis Meve & R.Mangelsdorff
- Ceropegia yorubana Schltr.
- Ceropegia zambesiaca Masinde & Meve
- Ceropegia zeyheri Schltr.
supporting documents
literature
- Herbert FJ Huber : Revision of the genus Ceropegia. In: Memorias da Sociedade Broteriana. Volume 12, Coimbra, 1957, pp. 1-203.
- MA Hyde, BT Wursten, P. Ballings: Ceropegia in the Flora of Zimbabwe , 2011.
- Dennis de Kock, Ulrich Meve: A Checklist of Brachystelma, Ceropegia and the genera of the Stapeliads. International Asclepiad Society, Ansty, West Sussex 2007, 125 pp.
- Bingtao Li, Michael G. Gilbert, W. Douglas Stevens: Asclepiadaceae. Ceropegia . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 16: Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1995, ISBN 0-915279-33-9 , pp. 266 (English). (Section description).
- Ulrich Meve: Ceropegia. In: Focke Albers, Ulli Meve (Hrsg.): Succulent lexicon. Volume 3: Asclepiadaceae (silk plant family). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3982-0 , pp. 60-107.
Individual evidence
- ↑ A. Heiduk, I. Brake, T. Tolasch, J. Frank, A. Jürgens, U. Meve, S. Dötter: Scent chemistry and pollinator attraction in the deceptive trap flowers of Ceropegia dolichophylla. In: South African Journal of Botany. Volume 76, No. 4, 2010, pp. 762-769, doi: 10.1016 / j.sajb.2010.07.022 .
- ↑ Ceropegia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ According to Wallich: Description of Ceropegia elegans Plate 3015, first page of text, footnote
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Ceropegia - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last viewed on January 1, 2020.
- ^ A b Ulrich Meve: Ceropegia Checklist. A guide to alternative names used in recent Ceropegia classification. In: Dennis de Kock, Ulrich Meve: A Checklist of Brachystelma, Ceropegia and the genera of the Stapeliads. International Asclepiad Society 2007, pp. 83-113.
- ^ Rafael Govaerts (ed.): World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (in review): Ceropegia. Published in: The Plant List. A working list of all plant species. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Missouri Botanical Garden, accessed December 2, 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o H. J. Beentje (Ed.), D. Goyder; T. Harris; S. Masinde; U. Meve; J. Venter: Flora of Tropical East Africa, Apocynaceae (Part 2). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012, ISBN 978-1-84246-396-3 , pp. 115-530.
- ↑ a b Manit Kidyoo: Two new species of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) from eastern Thailand. Phytotaxa, 162 (2): 091-098, 2014, doi: 10.11646 / phytotaxa.162.2.3
- ↑ SR Yadav, SM Shendage: Ceropegia bhatii, a new species of Apocynaceae: Ceropegieae from Karnataka, India. In: Kew Bulletin. Volume 65, No. 1, 2010, pp. 107-110. doi: 10.1007 / s12225-010-9189-0
- ↑ SS Kambale, AN Chandore, SR Yadav: Ceropegia concanensis, a new species (Apocynaceae: Ceropegieae) from Western Ghats, India. In: Kew Bulletin. Volume 67, No. 4, 2012, pp. 843–848 ( doi: 10.1007 / s12225-012-9406-0 )
- ↑ a b Mats Thulin: New species of Caralluma and Ceropegia (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae) from eastern Ethiopia. In: Kew Bulletin. Volume 64, No. 3, 2009, pp. 477-483. doi: 10.1007 / s12225-009-9125-3
- ↑ Zhi-Kun Wu, Jie Cai, Lei Cai and De-Tuan Liu. 2019. Ceropegia jinshaensis (Apocynaceae), A New Species from northwestern Yunnan, China. PhytoKeys. 130: 41-48. DOI: 10.3897 / phytokeys.130.34311
- ^ Rajeev Kumar Singh, Arti Garg, Paramjit Singh: Lectotypification and a new synonym of Ceropegia kachinensis (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa, 197 (3): 215-221, 2015, doi: 10.11646 / phytotaxa.197.3.5
- ^ M. Rodda & U. Meve: Ceropegia laotica (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae): the first new species of Ceropegia described from Laos. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 69 (2): 285-293. 2017 doi : 10.26492 / gbs69 (2). 2017-07
- ↑ AP Dold: Ceropegia macmasteri (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoidese-Ceropegieae), a new species from Eastern Cape, South Africa. In: South African Journal of Botany. Volume 72, 2006, pp. 144-146, doi: 10.1016 / j.sajb.2005.06.005
- ↑ P. Sujanapal; PM Salim; N. Anil Kumar, N. Sasidharan: A new species of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) from India with notes on rare and threatened Ceropegia in Nilgiris of Western Ghats. In: Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas , Volume 7, Part 1, 2013, pp. 341-345
- ^ A b Ramesh Kumar, Sachin Sharma, Mayank D. Dwivedi: Ceropegia mizoramensis and C. murlensis (Asclepiadaceae) - Two new species from Northeast India with Phylogenetic and morphological evidence support. Taiwania 63 (2): 163–170, 2018 doi: 10.6165 / tai.2018.63.163163 PDF (at ResearchGate)
- ↑ K. Madhavan Manudev, Sharad Suresh Kambale, C. Pramod, PS Prakash: A new species of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae: Ceropegieae) from a midland lateritic hill of Kerala, India. International Journal of Advanced Research, 4 (5): 1408–1414, 2016 PDF
- ↑ Sachin A. Punekar, Suresh D. Jagtap, Subash S. Deokule: A new variety of Ceropegia oculata Hook. (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) from Satpuda hill ranges of Maharashtra, India. In: Current Science. Volume 91, No. 9, 2006, pp. 1142–1145, (PDF file; 279 kB).
- ↑ Kusom Raja Kullayiswamy, S. Sandhyarani and Subbiah Karuppusamy: Ceropegia pullaiahii sp. nov. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) from India. Nordic Journal of Botany, Volume 30, 2012, 001-004 doi: 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.2012.01557.x
- ↑ MA Hyde, BT Wursten, P. Balling: Ceropegia sobolifera var. Nephroloba in the Flora of Zimbabwe 2011.
- ↑ Manit Kidyoo: Ceropegia suddeei sp. nov. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) from northeastern Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany, 32 (5): 569-574, 2014, doi: 10.1111 / njb.00418
- ↑ U. Meve: Ceropegia thailandica (Asclepiadoideae-Ceropgieae), a spectacular new Thai species. In: Bradleya. Volume 27, 2009, pp. 161-164.
- ↑ " vincaefolia " written in the original publication ( Curtis's Botanical Magazine , vol. 66, plate 3740 online at Botanicus.org ) ; this must be corrected in vincifolia according to ICBN Art. 60.8 .
further reading
- PV Bruyns, C. Klak, P. Hanáček: A revised, phylogenetically-based concept of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae) . In: South African Journal of Botany . Volume 112, pp. 399-436, 2017 ( doi: 10.1016 / j.sajb.2017.06.021 ).