Cetatea Tricule
| Cetatea Tricule | ||
|---|---|---|
 The two still visible towers of the castle ruins in the water of the Danube dammed here |
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| Alternative name (s): | Cetatea Tricole, Svinița – Tricule, Tri-Kule, Ruinele Cetații Tricule | |
| Creation time : | after 1250, before 1419 | |
| Castle type : | Spornburg , Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Ruin (2 of 3 towers preserved partly above the waterline) | |
| Standing position : | Templar order at times | |
| Construction: | stone | |
| Place: | Svinița ( Mehedinți District ) | |
| Geographical location | 44 ° 28 '48 " N , 22 ° 8' 34.8" E | |
| Height: | 70 m | |
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Cetatea Tricule (loosely translated: Fortress of the three towers ) is a castle ruin in mehedinţi county in Romania and is located about four kilometers downstream of the town Svinita in the Romanian- Serbian border over the Danube .
location
The castle complex stands on the northern bank of the Danube at the apex of a large southern arch on the foothills of a ridge that the Danube cuts through. Originally, the facility was on a rock spur above the Danube valley , which fell several meters here, as old paintings show.
history
There is disagreement among historians about the period of construction, which is assumed to be between the second half of the 13th century and the first quarter of the 15th century. In 1419 the castle was mentioned for the first time in a document by Sigismund of Luxembourg , stating that the fortress of Șvinița was entrusted to the Teutonic Order by the Hungarian king in order to guarantee the defense of the Danube region against the Ottomans . In 1443 the fortress appears in a list as one of those defended by the citizens of the Banat .
After the Treaty of Jassy in 1792 it was a customs station of the Habsburg monarchy , that is, the fortress was used as a toll castle used. From 1872 at the latest, the castle was no longer occupied and fell into disrepair.
As a result of the construction of the Eisernes Tor 1 power plant and the associated damming of the Djerdapse , the water level rose by up to 35 meters from 1968. Two of the former three towers still protrude above the water level, the third tower still exists as a stump under water.
Building description
The castle essentially only consisted of three towers oriented towards each other . They stood aligned in an isosceles triangle with a tower facing the Danube. The two near-shore towers are about 20 meters apart, while the Outbound deeper side Danube tower was about 40 meters from both towers removed. The two towers still visible today are about 11 meters high. Probably a legend is that the third tower facing the Danube was undermined by treasure hunters, which later led to its collapse. Still visible on dated postcards from 1910, it probably collapsed in the 1920s as a result of heavy ice drifts in the Danube. Older pictures show that the tower on the Danube side was built on a single rock ledge below the other two towers and connected to the bank with a wooden bridge .
The three almost square towers, each with a base length of about seven meters, are set in the foundation walls of hewn and grooved sandstones and in the upper area made of broken stones and large river stones. The walls were 1.40 meters thick in the area of the foundation walls and almost 0.8 meters at the top and were plastered . Each tower was divided into three levels and crowned by high battlements .
One tower is almost completely preserved, the second to the bank is only half of it. From the third tower facing the river, only the foundation walls and the masonry of up to ten stone layers above the ground, which have now disappeared in the reservoir and are only visible when it is very dry .
The tower still completely preserved has centered slotted loopholes and the Danube side an entrance roughly level with the second floor, as for tower castles and tower houses was typical in Europe. Atypical is the lack of the wall side of the last floor on the Danube side (both towers close to the bank) or on the bank side (Danube Tower) and a instead bricked roof-like slope. The meaning of these slopes is unknown. In addition to the corner battlements, the battlements have their own loopholes. The tower walls are double-shelled, raised inside and outside in a single-block construction, the space in between is only filled with stones and mortar rubble. The fact that the inner and outer walls were connected with masonry bridges helped to increase the static safety. This can still be clearly seen on the half-broken tower, which was accessible due to low water in 2013.
Current condition
The castle ruins, which are located in the reservoir today, already show strong erosion in the foundation walls. Although it is designated as a Romanian historical monument ( architectural monument ) under the number MH-IsB-10100 , without security there is a risk that the castle complex will collapse in a few years.
A board on the passing national road 57 informs with a short text about the medieval fortress Cetatea Mediavala Tricule .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Old view of Tricule on www.banaterra.eu ( Memento of the original from November 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; accessed on November 2, 2017
- ↑ Cetatea Tricule, Şviniţa, Mehedinţi - Item 8 cele mai spectaculoase edificii scufundate din lume ; accessed on November 1, 2017
- ^ Romania: Art treasures and natural beauties (travel guide) , p. 88
- ↑ Cetatea Tricule on the castle website www.burgenwelt.org ; Retrieved October 25, 2017
- ↑ Danube Guardians - Svinita Tricule ( Memento of the original from November 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Website on tourguideromania.com ; Retrieved November 3, 2017
- ↑ Ruinele cetatii scufundate Tricule , website for the fortress at www.tai-tai.net ; Retrieved November 3, 2017
- ↑ Cetatea medievala Tricule (Tri-kule) with pictures of the dryness of the reservoir, which exposed the remains of the foundation wall; accessed on November 1, 2017
- ↑ picture of the still complete tower on www.cesavezi.ro ; accessed on November 2, 2017
- ↑ ruinele cetatii Tricul e youtube video about the ruins with access at low tide; Retrieved November 3, 2017
literature
- Erwin Amlacher: Defense structure function and systematics of Transylvanian-Saxon church and farm castles: a contribution to European castle history . IKGS-Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-88356-159-2 .
- Birgitta Gabriela Hannover Moser: Romania: Art treasures and natural beauties (travel guide) . 4th edition. Trescher Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-89794-197-7 , pp. 88 .
Web links
- Danube Guardians - Svinita Tricule , website on tourguideromania.com with history of the fortress (in English)
- Cetatea Tricule din vestul ţării, într-un top al celor mai spectaculoase edificii scufundate din lume. De ce îi uimeşte pe turişti FOTO (roughly translated: The Tricule fortress in the west of the country, one of the most spectacular buildings in the world. Why FOTO impresses tourists ), article from December 17, 2015 by Adriana Mîț on www.pressalert.ro ( in Romanian )
- Ruinele cetatii Tricule (The ruins of the Tricule Fortress) (in Romanian)
- Tricule - cetate în sudul Banatului (Tricule - fortress in the southern Banat) (in Romanian)