Chai Ling

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Chai Ling (2009)

Chai Ling (Chinese: 柴玲; Pinyin : Chái Líng, born April 15, 1966 in Rizhao , Shandong Province , People's Republic of China ) became known in 1989 as a student leader in the Tian'anmen massacre . She fled to the US and founded the non-governmental organization All Girls Allowed , which campaigns against the one-child policy in China. Chai is the founder and president of Jenzabar, an enterprise resource planning software company for educational institutions.

Life in china

Chai Ling was born on April 15, 1966 in Rizhao, Shandong Province, China . Chai's parents had been doctors for the People's Liberation Army in the 1950s . Chai is the oldest of four children. Chai began studying psychology at Peking University (colloquially known as Beida ) in 1983 and graduated with a bachelor's degree. She organized mass protests in Beijing universities as well as several hunger strikes in Tiananmen Square, and became the most famous leader of the student movement. After the Tiananmen massacre on June 4, 1989, she was on the list of the 21 most wanted people in the protest movement. In 1990 she was able to flee to Paris via Hong Kong and later travel to the USA.

Chai studied at Princeton University, where she graduated with a Masters in Public Affairs in 1993. She later studied at Harvard University and graduated with an MBA in 1998.

Chai met her future husband, Feng Congde, in January 1987 . After Feng's arrest on January 1, 1987 for participating in a democracy demonstration, she became aware of him and met him a few days later on her way to the university library . Chai and Feng married in the spring of 1988, although they were forced to change their identifications because they did not meet the age requirements to legally marry. After their wedding, Chai was a student at the Child Psychology - Institute adopted the Beijing University. She started a software company with her husband. Chai and Feng increasingly distanced themselves during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, and their marriage ended in divorce after the movement ended.

Protest and exile

Chai Ling was serving as the secretary of the Beijing University Preparatory Committee when she first participated in the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests. Chai's husband, Feng, was elected to a leadership position by the university. Chai rose to become the student leader after participating in the students' hunger strike. Chai said the idea for a hunger strike came from Zhang Boli, another student at Beijing University. She claimed that a member of the National Security Service told her that a hunger strike would provoke a response from the government. On May 12, protester Wang Dan informed her that he was going to join the hunger strike, which then consisted of only forty members. Chai agreed to join in and that evening she gave a speech to the demonstrators in support of the hunger strike movement. As a result, Chai received support and endorsement from the Beijing Student Autonomous Federation from the demonstrating students.

The hunger strike increased Chai's influence in the student movement. On May 13th, she participated in a student dialogue with the government led by Yan Mingfu. Two days later, Chai was elected to head the Hunger Strike Committee, one of several student demonstration organizations in Tiananmen Square. On May 19, Chai announced the end of the hunger strike, a decision criticized by Feng Congde, Wang Wen and groups of angry demonstrators. Chai and most of the other hunger strike leaders went into hiding on May 21, in response to rumors that government forces would enter the square that evening. However, they returned the next day after learning that no attack had occurred that night. The withdrawal of the hunger strike leaders created a power vacuum that filled the Autonomous Union of Beijing Students and newly formed organizations. On May 23, the students in the square voted that the leadership of the Beijing Student Federation should be transferred to a temporary organization called the Defense of Tiananmen Headquarters . Chai was chosen to be its leader, and it was determined the following day. During a May 27 meeting with fellow student leaders, Chai Ling and Feng Congde voted to evacuate the square on May 30. At the press conference that evening, Chai and Feng changed their minds and instead were in favor of continuing to occupy the square. Chai alleged that the meeting was part of a plot to remove the students from the court and defended her change of mind by stating that she had been pressured to agree to leave. Chai resigned as head of the Defense Organization at Tiananmen Square Headquarters on May 29 , but later resumed her position.

Chai Ling, like many of the student leaders, was involved in some internal conflicts within the student movement during the demonstrations. Chai was very critical of the Beijing Student Autonomous Union. While in hiding on May 21, in response to loss of control of the square, Chai criticized the rival leadership group for "poor leadership", opposed the hunger strike and failed to do anything positive for the student movement. In an essay released to reporters in late May, Chai reiterated her role as the "commander in chief" of the square, stating that she refused to compromise with the autonomous student union of non-Beijing universities and other student groups. In this essay, Chai accused Liu Xiaobo and others of using the student movement as a way to "rebuild their own image." She criticized many participants in the movement for lack of faith and stated that China's intellectuals and theorists were "lagging far behind" in their understanding of democracy. Chai was also a staunch advocate for the purity of the student movement. She opposed people who were not students taking part in the demonstrations and taking part in the political struggle between government reformers and hardliners . Unlike more moderate leaders within the movement, Chai Ling seemed willing to allow the movement to face violent confrontation . In an interview in late May, Chai reportedly suggested that the majority of Chinese would only recognize the importance of the student movement and unite once blood was spilled. But she was of the opinion that she could not share this idea with her fellow students. Chai has since claimed that these comments have been taken out of context and selectively revised. She said she heard from Li Lu that the crackdown was expected and it was not her own idea.

After the government forcibly suppressed the demonstrations on June 3, Feng and Chai escaped Beijing by train. The couple hid for the next ten months, assisted by a network of organizations that help student dissidents. On June 8th, while she was in hiding at Wuhan University , Chai recorded a speech declaring that she was alive and recounting the events of June 3rd. In that recording, Chai allegedly said that she saw at least twenty students and workers massacred in the square, but she cannot confirm other witnesses' estimates. Chai wasn't the only one to see a massacre on the square. Wu'er Kaixi claimed to have seen two hundred students massacred despite leaving the square hours before the military arrived. Li Lu also reported that he witnessed tanks rolling over the tents of sleeping protesters, killing hundreds of unarmed students. However, these allegations of massacre in the square have been denied by most of the journalists who witnessed the invasion of the square. On June 13, the Department of Public Security issued an arrest warrant listing the names of twenty-one student demonstrators in order of importance. Chai Ling's name was on fourth place in the list, behind Wang Dan , Wu'er Kaixi and Liu Gang . Chai and Feng were smuggled into Hong Kong from mainland China by boat . At the University of Hong Kong , Feng and Chai were brought into contact with an underground rescue network that organized their escape to France .

Post Tiananmen

While she was in hiding, Chai Ling was nominated for the 1990 Nobel Peace Prize by two Norwegian MPs . Because of her role in the student demonstrations, Chai received an invitation to study at Princeton University . The China Initiative Program, an organization that provides educational scholarships for student refugees, made this possible. While in Princeton, Chai studied political science and international relations at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs .

After graduating from Princeton in 1993, Chai got a job with the management consultancy Bain & Company. While working at Bain & Company, Chai met her current husband, Robert A. Maginn Jr., one of the company's partners. The couple married in 2001 and currently reside in the United States with three daughters. In 1998, Chai earned her Masters degree from Harvard and founded Jenzabar, an Internet company that develops web access services for students.

Jenzabar offers the Enterprise Resource Planning software to universities in the United States of America . Chai has been President of Jenzabar since it was founded and Managing Director since 2001.

In 2009, Chai converted to Christianity. In June 2010, Chai Ling started a non-profit organization called "All Girls Allowed" with the aim of stopping human rights violations related to the one-child policy .

Although Chai Ling has reportedly been working on an autobiography since 1991, her autobiography, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, her Daring Escape, and her Quest to Free China's Daughters , wasn't published until 2011.

Chai was called to testify eight times before the United States Congress, most recently on June 3, 2013. Her testimony primarily concerned human rights issues in the People's Republic of China.

Controversy

Footage from a documentary entitled The Gate of Heavenly Peace shows portions of an interview between Chai and reporter Philip Cunningham on May 28, 1989, one week before the incident in Tiananmen Square. In the footage, Chai is said to have made the following statements:

“I kept it to myself the whole time because, as a Chinese, I felt that I shouldn't talk badly about the Chinese. But sometimes I can't help but think - and I could say it too - you, the Chinese, you are not worth my fight! You are not worth my sacrifice! "
“What we're actually hoping for is bloodshed, the moment when the government is ready to shamelessly slaughter the people. Only when the square is full of blood will people in China open their eyes. Only then will they be truly united. But how can I explain this to my fellow students? "
“And what is really sad is that some students and famous, well-connected people are working hard to help the government stop them from taking action like this. For the sake of their selfish interests, and for the sake of their private business, they are trying to get our movement to break up and get us out of place before the government becomes so desperate that it takes action ... "
Interviewer: "Will you stay on the pitch yourself?"
Chai Ling: "No."
Interviewer: "Why?"
Chai Ling: “Because my situation is different. My name is on the government blacklist . I will not be destroyed by this government. I want to live. Anyway, that's how I feel about it. I don't know if people will say that I am selfish. I believe that people need to keep doing the work I started. A democracy movement cannot be successful with just one person. I hope you do not report what I just said for the time being, okay? "

The footage has been verified as real material by independent media professionals and is available online. However, Chai claims that she was misquoted and that the footage was an "interpretive and incorrect translation". In reality, the student leaders, including themselves, were united until the very last hours of the protest and remained in the square.

Chai and her company have filed several lawsuits against the film's nonprofit producers, the Long Bow Group. An initial lawsuit alleging defamation of Chai was dismissed. Another indictment alleged that the organization infringed Jenzabar's trademark by including the company name in the keyword meta tags and title tags on its website. Chai's charges were later criticized by a number of commentators, including columnists for the Boston Globe and the New Yorker . Ultimately, each of her charges was against the film by the appeals court in Massachusetts rejected. The Superior Court handed Jenzabar his well-deserved sentence, which is a rare decision - a defendants' award of more than $ 500,000 in attorney's fees and other costs.

Discrimination lawsuit

Jing Zhang, a Chinese activist, filed a discrimination lawsuit against Jenzabar Inc., the Jenzabar Foundation, the founder of All Girls Allowed, and her former employer Chai Ling . Zhang had started her own nonprofit, Women's Rights in China, when she partnered with Chai to develop programs to prevent forced abortions in China. Then, she claimed, Chai fired her for not being religious enough and for refusing to attend the "weekly communal worship service."

Works

  • A heart for freedom: the remarkable journey of a young dissident, her daring escape, and her quest to free China's daughters . Tyndale Momentum, 2011 ( A Heart for Freedom. The Story of a Chinese Student Leader . From the American by Ursula Held. Südwest-Verlag 2012, ISBN 978-3-641-08383-0 ).

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b China: blows and love. Spiegel, May 1, 1989, accessed October 28, 2015 .
  2. ↑ AFP: China: Activists and politicians warn the West against naivety towards China. Zeit, November 16, 2013, accessed October 28, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters , Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 11, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5 , accessed August 25, 2017
  4. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 11, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  5. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 3, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  6. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 15, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  7. ^ A b c Daniel Lyons: Great Story, Bad Business. Forbes, February 17, 2003, accessed October 28, 2015 .
  8. ↑ a b Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, pp. 59-60, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4143-6246-5
  9. ↑ a b Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 80, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978- 1-4143-6246-5
  10. ↑ a b Diane Wei Liang, Lake With No Name: A True Story Of Love And Conflict In Modern China , Headline Review Publishing, p. 128, July 5, 2004, ISBN 978-0-7553-1193-4 , accessed December 25 , 2004 August 2017
  11. ^ Teresa Wright, The Perils of Protest: State Repression and Student Activism in China and Taiwan , University of Hawaii Press, 2001, p. 159, ISBN 978-0-8248-2401-3 , accessed August 25, 2017
  12. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 129, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  13. ^ Tong Shen, Marianne Yen, Almost a Revolution , University of Michigan Press, pp. 193, 1990, ISBN 978-0-472-08557-6 , accessed August 25, 2017
  14. ^ Lu Li, Moving the Mountain: My Life in China , Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated, 1990, p. 124, ISBN 978-0-399-13545-3 , accessed August 25, 2017
  15. ↑ Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement , University of Chicago Press, p. 180, April 15, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-98261-8 , accessed December 25 , 2001 . August 2017
  16. ↑ Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement, University of Chicago Press, p. 162, April 15, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-98261-8
  17. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, pp 122, 126, October 4th 2011, ISBN 978- 1-4143-6246-5
  18. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 129, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  19. ^ Eddie Cheng, Standoff at Tiananmen , Sensys Corp, p. 133, March 16, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9823203-0-3 , accessed August 25, 2017
  20. ↑ Richard Gordon, Carma Hinton, The Gate of Heavenly Peace , documentary USA 1995, accessed August 25, 2017
  21. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 129, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  22. ↑ a b Minzhu Han, Sheng Hua, Cries for Democracy , Princeton University Press, p. 199, 1990, ISBN 978-0-691-00857-8 , accessed August 25, 2017
  23. Jump up ↑ Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement, University of Chicago Press, p. 180, April 15, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-98261-8 , accessed August 25 2017
  24. ^ Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement, University of Chicago Press, p. 164, April 15, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-98261-8
  25. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, pp. 148, 151, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978- 1-4143-6246-5
  26. ↑ Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement, University of Chicago Press, p. 170, April 15, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-98261-8
  27. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 154, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  28. ^ Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement, University of Chicago Press, p. 183, April 15, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-98261-8
  29. ^ Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement, University of Chicago Press, p. 188, April 15, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-98261-8
  30. ^ A b Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement, University of Chicago Press, p. 189, April 15, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-98261-8
  31. ↑ Minzhu Han, Sheng Hua, Cries for Democracy, Princeton University Press, p. 322, 1990, ISBN 978-0-691-00857-8
  32. ↑ Robert L. Süttinger, Beyond Tiananmen: The Politics of US-China Relations 1989-2000 , Brookings Institution Press, p 57. 13 May 2004 ISBN 978-0-8157-8208-7 , accessed on August 25, 2017
  33. ↑ Michael Cormier, The Legacy of Tiananmen Square , Goose Lane Editions, p 26, 2013, ISBN 978-0-86492-902-0 , accessed on August 25, 2017
  34. ^ A b Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement, University of Chicago Press, p. 193, April 15, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-98261-8
  35. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 167, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  36. ↑ Robert L. Süttinger, Beyond Tiananmen: The Politics of US-China Relations 1989-2000, Brookings Institution Press, p 57. 13 May 2004 ISBN 978-0-8157-8208-7
  37. ^ Robin Kadison Berson, Young Heroes in World History , Greenwood Press, University of Michigan, pp. 172, 1999, ISBN 978-0-313-30257-2 , accessed August 25, 2017
  38. ↑ Craig Calhoun, Calhoun, Neither Gods nor Emperors: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China & hl = de & sa = X & ved = 0ahUKEwiI1vahn_PVAhVDKlAKHYy-A84Q6AEIKjAA # v = onepage & q = Craig Calhoun, Neither Gods and false = Emperors in China & fuggle = China Neither Gods nor Emperors: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China , University of California Press, p. 107, 1997, ISBN 0-520-21161-8 , accessed August 25, 2017
  39. ↑ Eddie Cheng, Standoff at Tiananmen, Sensys Corp, p. 234, March 16, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9823203-0-3
  40. ^ Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement, University of Chicago Press, p. 189, April 15, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-98261-8
  41. ↑ a b Chai Ling, I Was Willing to Sacrifice Myself to Allow More Students to Live On, In Minzhu Han, Sheng Hua, Cries for Democracy , Princeton University Press, p. 344, 1990, ISBN 0-691-00857-4 , accessed on September 5, 2017
  42. ↑ Minzhu Han, Sheng Hua, Cries for Democracy, Princeton University Press, p. 280, 1990, ISBN 978-0-691-00857-8
  43. ↑ Minzhu Han, Sheng Hua, Cries for Democracy, Princeton University Press, p. 298, 1990, ISBN 978-0-691-00857-8
  44. ↑ Minzhu Han, Sheng Hua, Cries for Democracy, Princeton University Press, p. 327, 1990, ISBN 978-0-691-00857-8
  45. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 178, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  46. ^ Ian Buruma, Bad Elements: Chinese Rebels from Los Angeles to Beijing, Atlantic Books, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, p. 12, 2002, ISBN 978-1-84354-963-5
  47. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, 165, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  48. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 200, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  49. ^ Alan Riding, Tiananmen Protest Leader Credits 'Lots of People' for Escape to West , The New York Times, April 14, 1990, accessed September 5, 2017
  50. ^ Robin Kadison Berson, Young Heroes in World History, Greenwood Press, University of Michigan, pp. 177-178, 1999, ISBN 978-0-313-30257-2
  51. ↑ Eddie Cheng, Standoff at Tiananmen, Sensys Corp, p. 177, March 16, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9823203-0-3
  52. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, 201, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  53. ↑ Chai Ling, "I am Chai Ling ... I am Still Alive," In Minzhu Han, Sheng Hua, Cries for Democracy, Princeton University Press, p. 361, 1990, ISBN 0-691-00857-4
  54. ^ Robin Kadison Berson, Young Heroes in World History, Greenwood Press, University of Michigan, pp. 177, 1999, ISBN 978-0-313-30257-2
  55. ↑ Chai Ling, "I am Chai Ling ... I am Still Alive," In Minzhu Han, Sheng Hua, Cries for Democracy, Princeton University Press, p. 364, 1990, ISBN 0-691-00857-4
  56. ↑ Suzanne Ogden, China's Search for Democracy: The Student and the Mass Movement of 1989 , Armonk: ME Sharpe, p. 378, 1992, ISBN 978-0-87332-723-7 , accessed September 5, 2017
  57. ^ Lu Li, Moving the Mountain: My Life in China, Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated, 1990, pp. 200-201, ISBN 978-0-399-13545-3
  58. ^ Suzanne Ogden, China's Search for Democracy: The Student and the Mass Movement of 1989, Armonk: ME Sharpe, pp. 406-408, 1992, ISBN 978-0-87332-723-7
  59. ^ Liang Zhang, Perry Link, Andrew Nathan, eds, The Tiananmen Papers , PublicAffairs; Edition: Reprint (June 6, 2002), p. 582, December 31, 2000, ISBN 978-1-58648-122-3 , 978-0-3168-5693-5, accessed April 5, 2018
  60. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, p. 218, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1- 4143-6246-5
  61. ↑ Michael Cormier, The Legacy of Tiananmen Square , Goose Lane Editions, pp. 162, 2013, ISBN 978-0-86492-902-0 , accessed September 5, 2017
  62. ^ Robin Kadison Berson, Young Heroes in World History, Greenwood Press, University of Michigan, pp. 178, 1999, ISBN 978-0-313-30257-2
  63. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, pp. 223-224, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978- 1-4143-6246-5
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  65. ^ Ian Buruma, Bad Elements: Chinese Rebels from Los Angeles to Beijing, Atlantic Books, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, p. 17, 2002, ISBN 978-1-84354-963-5
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  72. ↑ About Jenzabar Management Bios , Jenzabar.net, accessed on September 5, 2017
  73. ↑ Rachel Ritchie, Tiananmen Square Leader Chai Ling Embraces Christian Faith and Freedom , ChinaAid, April 22, 2010, accessed September 5, 2017
  74. ↑ About Chai Ling , allgirlsallowed.org, accessed September 5, 2017
  75. ^ William Sauro, Chinese Dissident Relives the 1989 Massacre , The New York Times, January 20, 1991, accessed September 5, 2017
  76. ↑ Chai Ling, A Heart for Freedom: The Remarkable Journey of a Young Dissident, Her Daring Escape, and Her Quest to Free China's Daughters, Carol Stream: Tyndale Momentum Publishers, October 4, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4143-6246- 5
  77. ↑ Biographical History of Ling Chai , C-Span, accessed September 5, 2017
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  81. ^ Yvonne Abraham, Beijing lesson unlearned , The Boston Globe, June 7, 2009, accessed September 5, 2017
  82. ↑ Evan Osnos, The American Dream: The Lawsuit , The New Yorker, May 7, 2009, accessed September 5, 2017
  83. ↑ Kai Pan, Chai Ling: Speech-Squelching Narcissistic Megalomaniac B * tch !, CNReviews, People, Business, and Life in China, June 12, 2009, accessed September 5, 2017
  84. ↑ Mike Masnick, Jenzabar Continues To Try To Censor Criticism Via Trademark Bullying , TechDirt, February 3, 2012, accessed September 5, 2017
  85. ↑ Jeff Hermes, Andy Sellars, DMLP Victory! Mass. Appeals Court Finds No Trademark Infringement in Critical Website , Digital Media Law Project, October 18, 2012, accessed September 5, 2017
  86. ↑ JENZABAR, INC. vs. LONG BOW GROUP, INC. , May 14, 2007, accessed September 5, 2017
  87. ^ Paul Alan Levy, When Trademark Bullying Gets Expensive , Public Citizen Litigation Group, October 22, 2013, accessed September 5, 2017
  88. ↑ Lucile Scott, Human Rights Worker 'Insufficiently Religious' , Courthouse News Service, June 19, 2012, accessed September 5, 2017
  89. ↑ Stephanie Ebbert, Chinese rights activist sued for bias, Accused of religious discrimination , The Boston Globe, July 1, 2012, accessed September 5, 2017


personal data
SURNAME Chai, Ling
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chinese student leader and dissident in the People's Republic of China
DATE OF BIRTH April 15, 1966
PLACE OF BIRTH Rizhao , Shandong Province , People's Republic of China