Chichigalpa
| Chichigalpa | ||
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Coordinates: 12 ° 34 ′ N , 87 ° 2 ′ W Chichigalpa on the map of Nicaragua
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| Basic data | ||
| Country | Nicaragua | |
| Department | Chinandega | |
| City foundation | September 25, 1894 | |
| Residents | 46,185 (1999) | |
| Detailed data | ||
| surface | 225 km 2 | |
| Population density | 205 people / km 2 | |
| height | 76 m | |
| Time zone | UTC −6 | |
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Chichigalpa is a city and a municipality in the west of the Chinandega department of the Central American state of Nicaragua . It is located south of the Cordillera Los Maribios to which the Volcán San Cristóbal (at 1745 m above sea level, the highest in Nicaragua) belongs. Chichigalpa is sprawled up to the city of Chinandega , has 15 km of paved roads and the municipality is connected to Managua via the Panamericana CA1 . In the north it borders on the Cordillera Los Maribios, in the south on the Departamento León, in the east on Posoltega, in the west on the Municipios El Realejo and Chinandega.
climate
The climate in Chichigalpa is hot, typical for western Nicaragua. The dry season lasts from November to April, the wet season from May to October.
The highest temperatures are usually recorded in April. The average temperature is 20 ° C. The relative humidity averages 68%. Strong winds prevail from the northeast and south.
history
The original population is attributed to the Toltecs to the Niquiranos and Chorotegas.
Colonial times
For the period between 1642 and 1700 it is documented that 200 indigenous people from Chichigalpa paid 16 reales annually as tribute to the Spanish king. William Dampier described a sugar factory in Chichigalpa in 1685. About the Volcan de San Christobal he reported that it smoked during the day and glowed at night, so that it looked like a lighthouse through the light emitted by the crater and allowed the Bucaneros to land in the bay of El Realejo around the city at night Raiding León (Nicaragua) , which he himself did in 1697. In June 1751, Chichigalpa was visited by Bishop Pedro Agustín Morel de Santa Cruz, and it was documented that Chichigalpa was in slightly hilly terrain with good water and that the climate was moderate. In that year Chichigalpa had 40 houses of indigenous people, from which the tributo was collected via the Corregidor del Realejo, and there were 62 families and 292 residents. The tributo was earned in factories and work for the neighbors. In 1776 the population had risen to 990 residents, of whom 232 were tributary indigenous people. In 1776, the administrative districts of Nicaragua were according to the reform of Carlos III. redistributed.
The area of what is now Nicaragua was divided into five administrative districts: León, Matagalpa, El Realejo, Sutiaba and Nicoya. Chichigalpa now belonged to the community of Posoltega which belonged to Sutiaba. Indigo plants were grown and cattle were kept on the site of Ingenio San Antonio during colonial times .
independence
In 1813 eight barefoot Franciscan monks came under the direction of José Ramón Rojas Maria de Jesus, (* 1775 in Quetzaltenango Department ; † July 23, 1839 Ica ), who at the edge of the village with Indigenas Caribes , (slaves from Africa), a Reducción de indios with the Church of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe . After independence in 1821, several craft businesses developed in the village. In 1840 Chichigalpa was upgraded to a pueblo (village) and on February 5, 1858 to a villa (town).
In 1851 sweets and honey were produced. In 1877 the Perfecto of Chichigalpa, Tijerino, stated that his town had 3,000 inhabitants, 240 of whom were citizens. Ownership of at least 100 pesos was required for citizenship. Tijerino reported that one of the most important goods is logging for export.
The Reducción de Indios , including the Guadelupe Church (El Pueblito), was destroyed by an earthquake on October 11, 1885 at 10:00 p.m.
economy
Ingenio San Antonio
The Ingenio San Antonio was acquired in 1890 by the British citizen Briggs for, co-owner was the great-grandfather of Carlos Pellas Chamorro , Alfredo Pellas. At that time the trapiche (sugar cane squeezer) was operated by oxen. On September 25, 1894, Chichigalpa was the first municipality in Nicaragua to be upgraded to a Ciudad (city) by José Santos Zelaya , the mayor at that time was Jesús Valle Ramírez. With the upgrading to a city, schooling was the task of the city government. At that time, plants for export were grown in Chichigalpa. The first concession to operate a corn gin was given to a citizen named Kautz on June 10, 1904. In 1916, the grandfather of Carlos Pellas Chamorro, Silvio F. Pellas modernized the sugar factory and bought a new Trapiche brand FULTON . 1925 opened 27.67 km siding operation of The Nicaragua Estates Limited Company . On the Leon-Granada railway line to Chinandega it is about 15 km and from there to the port of Corinto another 7 km. In 1935 after the end of Prohibition in the USA, the Nicaragua Estates Limited Company was converted into a Sociedad Anonyma .
Later cotton was grown using pyrethroids . As part of the United States' embargo against Cuba and the boycott of Cuban sugar cane and rum, Ingenio San Antonio was developed into the most productive raw sugar producer in Central America from 1959. In 1988 the Pellas family was expropriated for four years. Today the electricity from Chichigalpa is generated in the sugar factory. In 2001, eucalyptus production began as biomass for power generation.
Flor de Caña
Chichigalpa is known for its rum and sugar production. The Ingenio San Antonio was the largest raw sugar producer in Central America in the 1960s, the company La Compañia Licorera Flor de Caña distills rum. Both were merged to Sugar Energy Rum (SER) and now decide according to the market situation whether they are for industrial ethanol or for the Burn throats of Flor de Caña . In 2006, 85,000 quintals of sugar were distilled into ethanol for export.
Risks to health and the environment
The advertisement promises that the stones are made of sugar and the rivers are made of guaro (rum) - as Chontales claims, the rivers are made of milk and the stones are made of curd. Bagazonis had been recognized as an occupational disease for workers in the sugar cane industry in Nicaragua since 1966 . As the statistics from the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Health show, no case of Bagazonis was recognized as an occupational disease between 1966 and 2005 (39 years) . In reality, the entire population was exposed to increased chemical pollution from fertilizers and agricultural poisons, including DDT , which can still be detected in drinking water today. Death had a choice: Either the workers in the sugar industry drank enough fluids and died of poisoning, or they did not drink enough and their kidneys shrank.
The Sugar Energy Rum belongs to Grupo Pellas . In the fields of the Ingenio San Antonio sugar factory, plant protection products were used carelessly and on a massive scale. This commitment affects the health of employees, the groundwater and the environment. The Asociación Nicaragüense de Afectados por Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (ANAIRC) points out that employees at the Ingenio San Antonio sugar factory suffered from chronic kidney failure, of which 2,427 people died in the 24 months before April 8, 2007. By October 10, 2008, 2,986 had died. For years she has been fighting for compensation for the occupational disease in accordance with Law 456 Ley de Adicción de Riesgos y Enfermedades Profesionales of June 6, 2004. For which pensions are paid by the Instituto Nicaragüense de Seguridad Social (INSS) to more than 4,500 people.
Barrios
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- Los Lirios
The Barrio Los Lirios was damaged by Hurricane Mitch , the residents are fleeing to the school Escuela Francisca González . NGOs in Badalona provided disaster aid and contributions to housing.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: FICHA MUNICIPAL Chichigalpa (PDF; 58 kB)
- ↑ United Nations noviembre 10, 2006 ANÁLISIS DE LOS ASPECTOS LEGALES Y REGULACIONES VIGENTES EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE CAÑA DE AZUCAR EN AMÉRICA CENTRAL (PDF; 507 kB) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective . Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Bagazonis ( Memento of the original dated December 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Centro de Información y Servicios de Asesoría en Salud (CISAS) LA OTRA ZAFRA, La Insuficiencia Renal Crónica en la historia laboral agrícola de Nicaragua (PDF; 383 kB)
- ↑ radiolaprimerisima octubre 17, 2008 Rechazan nombramiento de Carlos Pellas Chamorro cónsul de Italia en Granada ( Memento of the original of December 7, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
