Carl Ludwig Hildebrandt

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Carl Ludwig Hildebrandt , also Christian Ludwig Hildebrandt (* around 1720 in Neumark ; † around 1770 in Graz , Styria ) was a Prussian master builder in the reign of Frederick II , who mainly worked in Berlin and Potsdam. He was one of the most important artists of the Frederician Rococo .

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Carl Ludwig Hildebrandt, son of a preacher from Neumark, learned the building trade in Berlin from 1739 under the war and domain councilor Johann Carl Stoltze († 1746), who also acted as senior building director. After completing his training, he got a job as a conductor there . In 1744 he was appointed senior building director Friedrich Wilhelm Diterichs to the Potsdam building authority, where he worked on the terracing of the Sanssouci vineyard and on repair work on the city ​​palace .

When Diterichs was recalled in Potsdam in 1745, Hildebrandt worked under his successor Jan Bouman as a “ cameraman and economic builder”, initially in the construction of the Sanssouci Palace. In Berlin they jointly led the construction of Prince Heinrich's palace , which Friedrich II had built for his younger brother Heinrich von Prussia on Unter den Linden . In Potsdam, Bouman and Hildebrandt were involved in the construction work in the western part of the city palace and in the exterior design of the St. Nikolai church , to which a baroque façade (removed in 1811) was shown. He was also involved in the new buildings designed by Bouman for the town hall on the Alter Markt and the Berlin Gate on Berliner Strasse, which has now been destroyed except for a side wing. Hildebrandt's own works include the reconstruction of Palais Schwedt in Berlin, Unter den Linden, commissioned by Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg-Schwedt in 1750 , as well as the addition of three rooms on the north side of the eastern gallery of Monbijou Palace (destroyed) in 1754 Sophie Dorothea .

The “Zum Roten Adler” inn around 1890
The so-called Plögersche Gasthof , later commandant, Schloßstraße 7 (destroyed)
Former hospital building in Schopenhauerstrasse

Between 1753 and 1754, Hildebrandt made drafts for Potsdam town houses according to the king's specifications. Friedrich II found the role models in the standard work on architectural theory of the 18th century "I quattro libri dell 'architettura" (The four books on architecture) by Andrea Palladio . In order to give his second residence in Potsdam a more representative appearance, Friedrich II had simple town houses with palace-like façades and new houses built. To carry out the building projects, he founded his own court building office, the “Königliche Bau-Comptoir”, as early as 1752, which was housed in the east wing of the city palace and immediately, i.e. directly, was under the king's control.

At the expense of Frederick II, Ratmann Sternemann received a three-story corner house at Schwertfegerstraße 1 (destroyed) with Palladio's facade design of the Palazzo Barbaran da Porto in Vicenza . Opposite this was the corner house for the citizen Palmiro on Alter Markt 12 (destroyed), which was modeled on Palladio's unrealized design for the Palazzo Capra in Vicenza. For Johann Friedrich Schmidt, Hildebrandt designed the three-storey inn “Zum Roten Adler” in the street leading east of the city palace exactly opposite a passage to the castle courtyard (later Humboldtstrasse 3, destroyed) after the Palazzo Pompei in Verona by Michele Sanmicheli , and the innkeeper Johann Christoph Plöger got a three-story house at 7 Schloßstraße, corner of Hohe-Weg-Straße (today Friedrich-Ebert-Straße), after Palladio's Palazzo Valmarana in Vicenza. The flat façade of the model, which can only be seen in a shortened form due to the narrow street, with the relief-style lateral entablature girders, was adapted in Potsdam for the corner situation with a fully plastic statue of a Roman legionary soldier at the corner of the building, which Johann Gottlieb Heymüller created. The Plögersche Gasthof , which is now destroyed , was managed at the time under the name “Gasthof zum Prinzen von Preußen” and from 1816 it was used as a commandant's office. For the houses of the cooper Schmidt and the materialist Hedler in the Breiten Straße 6 and 7 (destroyed) Hildebrandt designed a facade by Donato Bramante after the Palazzo Caprini in Rome , so that from the outside they looked like a single building.

Friedrich II had Hildebrandt not only erect town houses with representative facades, but also simple functional buildings for the military. In 1754, the Fusilier Regiment Prince Heinrich of Prussia received a two-storey hospital building, which was located between the Brandenburg Gate and the Neustädter Tor, which was destroyed in 1945, on Breiten Straße (today Schopenhauerstraße). In 1756 he also managed the construction of a single-storey bakery, the Commiss bakery , to supply the Potsdam garrison with bread that was baked in three large ovens. The building, which was also destroyed in 1945, stood at the end of Burgstrasse, between the Packhof and the Church of the Holy Spirit .

After Bouman went to Berlin as chief construction director in 1755, Hildebrandt took over his office as castellan of Sanssouci and headed the construction company together with Johann Gottfried Büring, who was appointed from Hamburg . With the beginning of the Seven Years' War in 1756, the buildings commissioned by the king made slow progress or were completely discontinued. Since the earnings failed to materialize, everyone tried "to find shelter as well as they could, so that in a short time almost all conductors, material administrators, [...], including many artists and craftsmen, emigrated or were out of activity, and none but the three builders, Büring, Hildebrant and Manger remained. ”Hildebrandt went to Breslau in 1760 to rebuild the city ​​palace that had been destroyed by Austrian troops . After his return in 1763 he married and was involved in the construction of the New Palace . Oberhofbaurat Heinrich Ludwig Manger reported in his building history of Potsdam published in 1789 that the marriage was “displeased” “and the car falling over from a hill on a trip to Kassel caused him to be otherwise very lively and sometimes almost too funny man, fell into a kind of melancholy, as a result of which he neglected his domestic circumstances and fell into debt. "

Like Büring before, Hildebrandt also fled secretly from Potsdam in 1766 and went to Italy “to use the baths in Pisa.” In addition to the broken family relationships, arguments with Friedrich II and, above all, the personnel changes in the Construction office suspected. With the arrival of the Bayreuth artists and builders, from whom Carl von Gontard and his student Georg Christian Unger made a name for themselves in particular , “a new era began in Potsdam's construction.” After his stay in Italy, Hildebrandt did not dare to return to Prussia . In order to earn a living, he accepted the position of drawing teacher in an orphanage in Graz.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lionello Puppi: Andrea Palladio. The complete work. Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-421-03253-X , p. 349 f., Fig. 477.
  2. ↑ After the neighboring building Alter Markt 11 was damaged in the fire of the Church of St. Nikolai, houses 11 and 12 were converted according to plans by Michael Philipp Boumann , whereby the Palladian facade of the house Alter Markt 12 was only slightly changed. See Hans-Joachim Giersberg: The Potsdamer Bürgerhaus around 1800. Potsdam 1965, p. 44 and plate 19.
  3. ↑ The house, which was damaged in World War II, was demolished in 1959. Eight parapet sculptures created by Johann Peter Benkert around 1754 have been preserved. They are kept in the Sanssouci park in Potsdam, south of the Orangery Palace , in the “Plögerchen figurine”. Cf. SPSG: Buildings and sculptures in Sanssouci Park. Potsdam 2002, p. 200.
  4. ↑ Hildebrandt, Carl Ludwig . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 17 : Heubel – Hubard . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1924, p. 74 .
  5. ↑ Other authors take the view that the facade is most likely based on a copper engraving by Francesco Zucchi showing the view of the Palazzo della Gran Guardia in Verona by Domenico Curtoni.
    Friedrich Mielke : Potsdam architecture. Classic Potsdam. Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-549-05668-0 , p. 48 and Fig. 44;
    Thomas Wernicke: Town houses on the Breiten Strasse . In: Potsdam Museum (Hrsg.): From the electoral landscape avenue to the socialist main road - Wilhelm-Külz-Strasse . Issue 29, Potsdam 1988, p. 32 f.
  6. ^ Manger: Heinrich Ludewig Manger's building history of Potsdam. Volume 1, p. 183, Volume 3, p. 629.
  7. ^ Manger: Heinrich Ludewig Manger's building history of Potsdam. Volume 1, p. 244.
  8. ^ A b Manger: Heinrich Ludewig Manger's building history of Potsdam. Volume 3, p. 628.
  9. ^ People: Potsdam. Historic streets and squares today. P. 54.
  10. ^ People: Potsdam. Historic streets and squares today. P.56.

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personal data
SURNAME Hildebrandt, Carl Ludwig
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hildebrandt, Christian Ludwig; Hildebrant; Hildebrand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German builder
DATE OF BIRTH around 1720
PLACE OF BIRTH Neumark
DATE OF DEATH around 1770
Place of death Graz