Claude-François Lizarde de Radonvilliers

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Claude-François Lizarde de Radonvilliers (also: Lysarde de Radonvilliers ; born November 6, 1710 in Decize , † April 20, 1789 in Paris ) was a French Roman Catholic Jesuit , educator, grammarian and member of the Académie française .

life and work

Claude-François de Radonvilliers was the grandson of a lawyer in the Parlement of Paris. From the age of 6 he, like Voltaire , attended the Jesuit school Louis-le-Grand . The teacher who shaped him was Charles Porée (1675–1741). In 1724, at the age of 14, he entered the Jesuit novitiate and was sent to teach in Rouen , Rennes , Orléans and Bourges , where he came into contact with Archbishop Frédéric-Jérôme de la Rochefoucauld de Roye . In 1735 he was ordered to continue his studies in Paris. When he was in Nevers in 1742 , he resigned from the Society of Jesus on the advice of Naval Minister Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas (1701–1781), whom he had also met in Bourges, and became secretary, then (as successor to Jean-Gilles du Coëtlosquet ) Vicar General of the Archbishop of Bourges, who was already known to him . When he was appointed ambassador to the Holy See, Radonvilliers went with him to Rome from 1745 to 1748. He then administered the royal benefices for Archbishop La Rochefoucauld. Only after the end of this activity (because of the archbishop's death) did he grant himself the charge of Commendatabbot of the Abbey of Saint-Loup in Troyes and of the Priory of Saint-Orens in Auch in 1757 . Later came: 1763-1771 the Abbey of Saint-Pierre in Neauphle-le-Vieux and from 1771 the monastery Villeneuve . He distributed three quarters of the income to the poor.

From 1757 he was (under Coëtlosquet) sub-tutor of the 4 sons of the Dauphin Louis Ferdinand († 1765), who with the exception of the oldest (1751–1761) later all took over the royal dignity: Louis XVI. (* 1754), Louis XVIII. (* 1755) and Karl X. (* 1757). This position helped him almost automatically to the (not intended) admission to the Académie française (1763, seat no. 24). In 1774 he became the king's councilor. In 1778 he refused the cardinal's hat offered to him and resigned as the king's almsman. He died in 1789 at the age of 78.

Radonvilliers went public in 1768 with a linguistic didactic work in which he (as a further development of approaches by Nicolaes Cleynaerts and César Chesneau Du Marsais ) for learning Latin instead of the grammatical method practiced up to then, the interlinear version (and thus the vocabulary learning from the texts) made the basis. His method influenced (mediated by Jean Joseph Jacotot ) the Toussaint-Langenscheidt method in Germany and the Assimil method in France. As a grammarian he contributed to the development of the sentence term in the 18th century.

François Noël organized an edition of all of Radonvilliers' posthumous writings in 1807. In addition to the language learning method, this includes the academy speeches and a translation of the De viris illustribus by Cornelius Nepos .

Works (selection)

  • De la manière d'apprendre les langues . Saillant, Paris 1768.
  • Oeuvres diverse de M. l'abbé de Radonvilliers . Edited by François Noël. 3 vols. Paris 1807.

literature

  • Jean-Antoine Caravolas: Histoire de la didactique des langues au siècle des Lumières. Précis et anthologie thématique . PUM / Narr, Tübingen 2000, pp. 64-68.
  • Jean Hanoteau (1869-1939): "Notes on M. l'abbé de Radonvilliers, l'un des quarante de l'Académie française". In: Bulletin de la Société nivernaise des lettres, sciences et arts 1937, pp. 521-558. [1]
  • Jean-Sifrein Maury : Eloge de M. l'Abbé de Radonvilliers. Lu dans la Séance publique de la Classe de la Langue et de la Littérature de l'Institut de France . May 7, 1807.
  • Jean-Pierre Seguin: L'invention de la phrase au XVIII. Siècle. Contribution to the history of the sentiment linguistique français . Peeters, Leuven 1993.
  • Pierre Volut: L'Abbé de Radonvilliers grammairien, éducateur et académicien (1710–1789) . Mémoire de DEA de Littérature française, Université de Dijon, 1994.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Radonvilliers, Claude-François Lizarde de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Radonvilliers, Claude-François Lysarde de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French Jesuit, educator, grammarian and member of the Académie française
DATE OF BIRTH November 6, 1710
PLACE OF BIRTH Decize
DATE OF DEATH April 20, 1789
Place of death Paris