Coccine orchis
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Coccineorchis is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It contains eight types of herbaceous plants that are native to Central and South America.
description
The species in the genus Coccineorchis are relatively large orchids. The fleshy, hairy, spindle-shaped or cylindrical roots emerge from a rhizome in clusters . The long-stalked leaves stand in groups of three to eight in a rosette. They are oval in shape, pointed at the end.
The terminal, racemose inflorescence is covered with bracts at intervals . The flowers are densely packed, slightly drooping, tubular, strikingly yellow, orange or red in color. The ovary is not stalked, cylindrical to spindle-shaped and somewhat twisted. The sepals are lanceolate, about half of the sides fused together. The petals adhere to the dorsal sepal. The lip forms a nectarium at its base together with the lateral sepals and the column , there are two fleshy, backward-directed nectar glands. The middle part of the lip is channel-shaped, the sides turned up next to the column and adhered to it. The lip is bent down at the tip, and there the edge is wavy or curled. The column is slender, elongated, somewhat hairy, not fused with the lateral sepal, the base at the ovary is asymmetrical. The scar is semicircular, pointing forward, with a slightly raised edge. The dividing tissue between the stigma and the stamen (rostellum) is stiff, somewhat cartilaginous, lanceolate, tapering to a point. The stamen is oval-lanceolate, pointed, with a round elevation on the upper side. It contains the whitish, club-shaped pollinia that hang on a large, elongated, narrow, gray adhesive disc (Viscidium). The color and shape of the flowers indicate pollination by hummingbirds .
Occurrence
Coccine orchids are common in tropical America. From Mexico in the north it occurs across Central America and along the Andes chain to Peru. The species grow at altitudes of 800 to 3200 meters in the shade of ever-humid forests.
Systematics and botanical history
Coccineorchis is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae . Due to external similarities, a relationship with stenorrhynchos was suspected, but recent studies could not confirm this. The similarities between Coccineorchis , Stenorrhynchus and Sacoila are interpreted as a convergent evolution due to pollination by hummingbirds. Genetic studies place Coccineorchis close to the genus Pelexia .
Coccineorchis was first described by Rudolf Schlechter in 1920 . The name he chose, Coccineorchis, comes from the Greek κόκκινος kokkinos for “scarlet” and refers to the color of the flowers. The only species he named was an orchid that Kraenzlin had previously described as Spiranthes corymbosa . It was not until 1978 that Garay discovered that the same species was described by Lindley much earlier, in 1845, as Stenorrhynchos cernuum , which is why the name of the type species is Coccineorchis cernua .
The species of the genus Coccineorchis :
- Coccineorchis bracteosa (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Garay : It occurs from Nicaragua to Ecuador.
- Coccineorchis cernua (Lindl.) Garay : It occurs from Mexico to Peru.
- Coccineorchis cristata Szlach., Rutk. & Mytnik : It only occurs in Panama.
- Coccineorchis dressleri Szlach., Rutk. & Mytnik : It only occurs in Panama.
- Coccineorchis navarrensis (Ames) Garay : It occurs from Nicaragua to northwestern Colombia.
- Coccineorchis sneidernii Szlach. & Kolan. : The species first described in 2019 occurs in Colombia.
- Coccineorchis standleyi (Ames) Garay : It occurs from Honduras to Colombia.
- Coccineorchis warszewicziana Szlach., Rutk. & Mytnik : It occurs in Costa Rica and Panama.
supporting documents
Most of the information in this article comes from:
- Leslie A. Garay: 225 (1). Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . In: Gunnar Harling, Benkt Sparre (ed.): Flora of Ecuador . tape 9 , 1978, ISSN 0347-8742 , p. 236 .
- Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . tape 28 , no. 4 , 1982, pp. 306 .
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 181-182 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Coccineorchis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 28, 2020.
