Cohors III Thracum civium Romanorum equitata to torquata

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Brick stamp of the III. Thracian cohort from Künzing.

The Cohors III Thracum civium Romanorum equitata to torquata ("3rd partially mounted cohort of the Thracians Roman civil rights, twice awarded with torques ") was a Roman auxiliary force that served in Rhaetian border fortifications until the Limes fall around 260 AD .

In Thrace , excavated in the area of ​​today's Bulgaria , the Cohors III Thracum civium Romanorum equitata has been documented in Raetia since 107 AD. Several brick stamps with their abbreviation COH III THR CR have been preserved. Due to one of these stamps, which was found in the Oberstimm fort south of Ingolstadt , the troops could have lain there in the Flavian period (69-96) before they came to the Künzing fort (Castra Quintana) , where they again left brick stamps, which are assigned to the time between 90 and 135. Brick stamps of the Cohors III Thracum civium Romanorum equitata from the early and middle Flavian period were also discovered in the Moos-Burgstall fort , so that a stationing in this camp would also be conceivable. Possibly only one vexillation of the troops was active in different locations.

In the thirties of the 2nd century the unit may have been commanded to Iudaea to support the Roman troops in the Bar Kochba uprising (132-135). Around 135 or a little later she was entrusted with the completion of the stone extension of Fort Gnotzheim (Castra Mediana) . The building inscription created for this event reads:

[Imp (eratori) Cae] s (ari) T (ito) Ael (io) Hadr (iano) Antonino
[Aug (usto) Pio] trib (unicia) p (otestate) VII co (n) s (uli) III pontif (ici) max (imo)
[coh (ors) II] I Thr (acum) c (ivium) R (omanorum) eq (uitata) to torqua (ta)

Translation: “For Emperor Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius, in the 7th year of his tribunician authority, 3 times consul, high priest. The III. [partly] mounted Thracian cohort of Roman citizens, twice awarded. "

A second Antonine, no longer datable building inscription comes from Gnotzheim, which also names the Thracians. It was discovered during the reconstruction of the sacristy in the Gnotzheim St. Michaelskirche.

[---] Antonino [---]
[---] pont (ifici) max (imo) coh (ors) II [I Thrac (um) c (ivium) R (omanorum) eq (uitata) to torquata]

The Cohors III Thracum civium Romanorum equitata remained the main troop of Gnotzheim until the Limes fall.

A Thracian brick stamp discovered in the Kumpfmühl fort in Regensburg probably got there either alone or with a construction department of the manufacturer for reasons that are no longer comprehensible today.

A Cohors quingenaria equitata usually consisted of around 360 foot soldiers (six Centuriae) of 60 men each and 120 horsemen (four squadrons (Turmae) of 30 men each). The 3rd Thracian cohort received Roman citizenship at a certain point in time - in any case before 107 - once. As usual, the soldiers who were subsequently accepted into the unit only had to acquire this status again through their 25 years of service. As finds of arrowheads and bone reinforcements for the bow ends from Künzing testify, some soldiers of the troop were - at least temporarily - apparently armed with bows and arrows.

The knightly career of a cohort prefect of this troop from Campania , Quintus Gavius ​​Fulvius Proculus , could be traced in many parts. He probably commissioned a consecration altar for the goddess Diana Panthea , who names him, that was dredged during construction work in Gnotzheim in 1999 , towards the end of his stationing there. Since two military diplomas from 152 confirm his next command in the Leiden-Roomburg (Matilo) fort on the Lower Germanic Limes , he must have been transferred from Gnotzheim before that time.

See also

Web links

Commons : Cohors III Thracum civium romanorum equitata to torquata  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Claus-Michael Hüssen : Q. Gavius ​​Fulvius Proculus - praefectus, tribunus, patronus. On the new discovery of a Diana inscription in Gnotzheim and on CIL X 4579. In: Germania . Vol. 79, No. 2, 2001, pp. 309-324.
  • Nicole Lambert, Jörg Scheuerbrandt : The military diploma. Source on the Roman army and documents (= documents from the Limes Museum Aalen 55). Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1726-2 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Wagner 02, 00142.4
  2. ↑ Thomas Fischer , Erika Riedmeier-Fischer: The Roman Limes in Bavaria. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7917-2120-0 , p. 180.
  3. ^ A b c Nicole Lambert, Jörg Scheuerbrandt : The military diploma. Source on the Roman army and documents (= documents from the Limes Museum Aalen 55). Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1726-2 , p. 54.
  4. ^ AE 1930, 73 .
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Czysz , Andrea Faber, Christof Flügel , C. Sebastian Sommer : Sites on the Danube Limes in Bavaria / Sites on the Danube Limes in Bavaria . 2006, p. 17. ( PDF )
  6. ↑ Dietwulf Baatz : The Roman Limes. Archaeological excursions between the Rhine and the Danube. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-7861-1064-6 , p. 282.
  7. ↑ Dietwulf Baatz: The Roman Limes. Archaeological excursions between the Rhine and the Danube. 3rd, revised edition. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-7861-1701-2 , p. 332.
  8. ↑ Fragment of a building inscription, data sheet at ubi-erat-lupa.org , query on February 2, 2016.
  9. ↑ Fragment of a building inscription, data sheet at ubi-erat-lupa.org , query on February 2, 2016.
  10. ^ AE 1953, 118 .
  11. ^ Peter Schmid (ed.): History of the city of Regensburg. Volume 1. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2000, ISBN 3-7917-1682-4 , p. 21.
  12. ↑ Claus-Michael Hüssen : Q. Gavius ​​Fulvius Proculus - praefectus, tribunus, patronus. On the new discovery of a Diana inscription in Gnotzheim and on CIL X 4579. In: Germania . Vol. 79, No. 2, 2001, pp. 309-324: here: p. 318.
  13. ↑ Claus-Michael Hüssen: Q. Gavius ​​Fulvius Proculus - praefectus, tribunus, patronus. On the new discovery of a Diana inscription in Gnotzheim and on CIL X 4579. In: Germania . Vol. 79, No. 2, 2001, pp. 309-324; here: p. 316.
  14. ↑ AE 1999, 1182 .
  15. ^ AE 2004, 1911 .
  16. ^ AE 2002, 1724 .