Conopholis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Conopholis
Conopholis americana

Conopholis americana

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Summer root family (Orobanchaceae)
Genre : Conopholis
Scientific name
Conopholis
Wallr.

Conopholis is a plant genus in the family of Broomrape family (Orobanchaceae). The two or three types are found in North and Central America . They live parasitically on the roots of oaks ( Quercus ).

description

Illustration by Conopholis americana

Vegetative characteristics

Conopholis species are perennial herbaceous plants . They live parasitically on the roots of oaks ( Quercus spec.). The above-ground parts consist of one or more short, upright and mostly unbranched stems that grow from a constant, gall-like thickening.

The leaves are reduced to scales that overlap like roof tiles at the base of the stem and are alternate further up. They are sessile, have a broad base and are initially yellowish white and later turn brownish.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers stand individually or in groups in spike-like racemose inflorescences on a thick inflorescence axis. They are accompanied by bracts that are shaped like the leaf scales and are longer than the sepals . There are also one or two bracts at the base of the calyx . The flower stalks are short to elongated.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The calyx is tubular or spatula-shaped, split on one side and irregularly two-, four- or five-lobed or toothed, the segments are pointed or rounded. The crown is tubular and two-lipped and yellowish to white in color. The upper lip is curved or straight, the lower lip is usually covered with three, rarely one or two unevenly shaped, protruding lobes. The four stamens protrude beyond the crown, the anthers are spurred, the theca are slightly apart and are hairless or only sparsely hairy. The ovary is single-chambered and has four laterally arranged placentas . The scar is disc-shaped.

Fruits and seeds

The two-chambered, irregularly jumping capsule fruits are mostly surrounded by the permanent flower cover. The seeds are oval to angled and have a net-shaped seed surface.

Conopholis alpina var. Mexicana

Systematics and distribution

The genus Conopholis was set up in 1825 by Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Wallroth in Orobanches Generis Diaskene , pages 78-79. Type species is Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr.

The Conopholis species are distributed from North to Central America .

In the genus Conopholis Wallr. there are three types:

  • Conopholis alpina Liebm. (Syn .: Conopholis sylvatica Liebm. ): There are two varieties:
    • Conopholis alpina Liebm. var. alpina : It comes from Texas via Mexico , Guatemala , Honduras , Nicaragua to Panama .
    • Conopholis alpina var. Mexicana (A.Gray ex S.Watson) RRHaynes (Syn .: Conopholis mexicana A.Gray ex S.Watson , Conopholis alpina Liebm. , Conopholis americana sensu Endl. Non Wallr. ): It comes from Texas, Mexico , Guatemala, Honduras and Costa Rica . The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.
  • Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr. (Syn .: Orobanche americana L. ): It occurs in eastern Canada and in the eastern and central United States.
  • Conopholis panamensis Woodson : It was first described from Panama.

literature

  • Luis D. Goméz, William Burger: Orobanchaceae . In: William Burger (Ed.): Flora Costaricensis , Fieldiana: Botany, New Series, Number 41, April 2000.
  • RR Haynes: A monograph of the genus Conopholis (Orobanchaceae). In: Sida , Volume 4, 1971, pp. 246-264.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Conopholis mexicana at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Panama (WFO) . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ^ Conopholis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 30, 2018.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Óscar Sánchez Pedraja, Gonzalo Moreno Moral, Luis Carlón, Renata Piwowarczyk, Manuel Laínz, Gerald M. Schneeweiss: Index of Orobanchaceae. ISSN  2386-9666 . (September 2005 "onwards, last updated" January 22, 2018 - PDF 2.6 MB) online.
  4. ^ A b c Conopholis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  5. ^ Conopholis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Web links

Commons : Conopholis  - collection of images, videos and audio files