Blood-leaved skin head
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Blood-leaved skin head ( Cortinarius semisanguineus ) |
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| ( Fr .: Fr.) Gillet |
The blood-leaved skin head ( Cortinarius semisanguineus , syn .: Dermocybe semisanguinea ) is a type of fungus from the family of the veil relatives (Cortinariaceae). The fruiting bodies appear from July to November mainly in acidic coniferous forests.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 2–7 cm wide, initially bell-shaped to arched, later spread out and hunched flat. It is pale brown to umber brown in color and often has an olive-ocher shade, rarely it is almost purple-brown. The surface is bare to fibrous-scaly and not hygrophan.
The crowded, broadly grown lamellae are vermilion to blood-red when young and brown-red with age. The spore powder is rust-brown and the edges yellowish.
The more or less cylindrical stem is 3–9 cm long and 0.3–0.8 cm wide. It is brightly colored in chrome or brass yellow. The tip of the stem is often pale yellow, the base of the stem can also be tinged with reddish. The yellow velum forms an interrupted, jagged, yellow-brown belt. The flesh is pale yellow to ocher yellow and the stem base is more orange in color. When cut, it smells faintly like iodine or radish. The taste is mild to slightly bitter.
Microscopic features
The apple seed-shaped and finely warty spores are 6.5–8 µm long and 4.5–5 µm wide. The cheilocystidia are inconspicuously club-shaped and sometimes septate once or twice .
Species delimitation
As the name suggests, only the lamellae of the blood-leaved skin head are colored blood-red. Another characteristic of this common and easily recognizable species is the yellow stem, which is not or only slightly reddish overfiber.
Similar species from the Sanguinei section are the red skin head ( Cortinarius purpureus ), the blood-red skin head ( Cortinarius sanguineus ) and the cinnamon skin head ( Cortinarius cinnamomeus ).
The somewhat thicker, red-napped skin head has a handle that is richly covered by light red remains of velum (Cortina). The blood-red skin head is characterized by its uniformly dark blood-red colors on the hat, handle and lamellae. In old specimens, however, the colors can fade, giving the fungus a "dirty look". The cinnamon skin head has cinnamon-orange colored lamellae when young, and its spores are somewhat slimmer in contrast to the blood-leaved skin head.
ecology
The blood-leaved skin head can be found in acidic spruce and fir forests, beech-fir and fir forests and corresponding coniferous forests. In the lowlands it occurs in rare cases in deciduous forests with oaks and beeches. It mostly colonizes sandy and bog soils, less often loamy subsoil. The substrate is usually low in nutrients and acidic, rarely basic.
It forms a mycorrhiza with conifers, mainly with the Norway spruce . The fruiting bodies appear from summer to autumn.
distribution
The blood-leaved skin head is common in Europe, North Asia (east to Krasnoyarsk ) and New Zealand. In Europe, it is believed to be found in every country, although it is rare in the south and southeast. The species is widespread in Germany. However, it is less common or absent in the calcareous areas.
meaning
The blood-leaved skin head is not an edible mushroom and is suspected of being poisonous. Like the blood-red skin head ( Cortinarius sanguineus ), it is suitable for dyeing wool. An insecticidal effect was observed in studies with Drosophila melanogaster .
Systematics
The var. Pallidipes has a pale yellow stem and a more red-brown hat and a subalpine distribution. However, it is not recognized by all authors.
swell
- German Josef Krieglsteiner , Andreas Gminder (Hrsg.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 5: Mushrooms. Agarics III. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8001-3572-1 .
- Paul Kirk: Cortinarius semisanguineus. In: Species Fungorum. Retrieved September 21, 2013 .
- Cortinarius semisanguineus. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed September 21, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 224 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
- ↑ a b Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, pigeons, milklings and other groups with lamellas (= spectrum of nature / BLV intensive guide ). BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 249 .
- ↑ a b Karin Monday: Blood-leaved skin head Cortinarius semisanguineus In the virtual mushroom book. In: tintling.com . Retrieved September 21, 2013 .
- ^ A b c Jürgen Guthmann, Christoph Hahn, Rainer Reichel: Pocket dictionary of mushrooms in Germany. A competent companion for the most important species . 1st edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01449-4 , p. 121 f .
Web links
- Cortinarius semisanguineus (Fr.) Gillet - Surprise Webcap. In:First Nature. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
- Michael Kuo: Cortinarius semisanguineus . In: MushroomExpert.Com. November 2011, accessed November 19, 2013 .