Coxsackie virus
| Coxsackie virus | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Coxsackie B4 virions, EM |
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| Enterovirus A, B, C | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| CV-A, CV-B, CV-C | ||||||||||||||||||||
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In the Coxsackie virus is uncoated single (+) - strand RNA - viruses [ss (+) RNA] of the genus Enterovirus and family Picornaviridae with the strains A (CVA, HCV-A or CVA), B (CVB) and C (CVC), which are each assigned to different virus species, namely the human enterovirus A , B and C , of this genus. The Coxsackie viruses mainly cause colds , viral meningitis and myocarditis . These viruses were named after Coxsackie near New York , where they were first identified in 1948 by Gilbert Dalldorf in collaboration with his colleague Grace Sickles.
features
These pathogens include a. the Coxsackie viruses A2 to A8, A10, A12, A14, A16 ( human enterovirus A ), the Coxsackie viruses B1 to B6 ( human enterovirus B ) and the Coxsackie viruses A1, A11, A13, A17, A19, A20, A21, A22 and A24 ( Human Enterovirus B , previously assigned to A ). For these viruses, humans represent a reservoir host to which the pathogens are already strongly adapted. This is why the diseases caused by these pathogens show only a low lethality even in previously damaged people .
distribution
The pathogens occur worldwide. In 1997, for example, an epidemic with the Coxsackie virus occurred in Malaysia , in which a total of 30 children died in three months.
These pathogens had also led to the closure of all schools in Greece in April 2002. As the Aristotle University in Thessaloniki reported, a total of 46 children and adults were infected at the time, three of whom died. The causative agent of this epidemic was the so-called B strain of the virus, which among other things had caused inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis) in those affected .
transmission
People are usually infected through contaminated food and water and - similar to flu viruses - through droplet infection d. H. Direct inhalation of expiration droplets (exhalation droplets) of infected persons, or via contact infection or smear infection with the viruses of the infectious expiration droplets that have fallen on objects or body surfaces, if they then pass through the mucous membranes z. B. enter the body in the mouth, nose or eyes. A diaplacental transmission is possible.
Triggered diseases
In addition to flu- like symptoms, Coxsackie virus infections can occasionally lead to meningitis and - as in Greece 2002 - to heart muscle inflammation (myocarditis).
The Coxsackie virus can also cause hand, foot and mouth disease . This is an epidemic disease with blistering and ulceration . The incubation period is four to eight days. Children under the age of 10 are predominantly affected. Blisters, which are usually found on the hands and feet, or occasionally a nodular (papular) rash on the thigh and aphthae in the mouth are signs of disease . Depending on the serotype, coxsackie viruses can also cause meningitis, herpangina , encephalitis , pericarditis , hepatitis and the like. a. trigger. Furthermore, infections with Coxsackie viruses, especially in the summer months, can lead to acute diarrheal diseases ( summer diarrhea ).
The Coxsackie virus B is also associated with the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus . The presumed mechanism is molecular mimicry between glutamate decarboxylase and the viral protein P2-C. The so-called Bornholm disease (devil's grip) is also caused by group B Coxsackie viruses. See: epidemic pleurodynia .
literature
- Reinhard Kandolf: Virus etiology of inflammatory cardiomyopathy. In: German Medical Weekly . 129./2004., No. 41, 2004, pp. 2187-2192, ISSN 0012-0472 , doi: 10.1055 / s-2004-831863 .
- H. Peng, W Hagopian: Environmental factors in the development of Type 1 diabetes. In: Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 7 (3), September 2006, pp. 149-162. Review. ResearchGate . PMID 17203405 , doi: 10.1007 / s11154-006-9024-y
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
- ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Enterovirus C , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ ICTV : Master Species List 2018a v1 , MSL including all taxa updates since the 2017 release. Fall 2018 (MSL # 33)
- ↑ ViralZone: ICTV 2016 Master Species List # 31 with Acronyms, (Excel XLSX) , SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
- ^ Gilbert Dalldorf and Grace M. Sickles: An Unidentified, Filtrable Agent Isolated From the Feces of Children With Paralysis . In: Science (New York, NY) . tape 108 , no. 2794 , July 16, 1948, p. 61-62 , doi : 10.1126 / science.108.2794.61 , PMID 17777513 .
- ↑ Gilbert Dalldorf and Grace M. Sickles: A virus recovered from the feces of poliomyelitis patients pathogenic for suckling mice . In: The Journal of Experimental Medicine . tape 89 , no. 6 , June 1, 1949, pp. 567-582 , doi : 10.1084 / jem.89.6.567 , PMID 18144319 , PMC 2135891 (free full text).