Darłówko
| Darłówko | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | West Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Sławno | ||
| Area : | 1.50 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 54 ° 26 ' N , 16 ° 22' E | ||
| Residents : | 1600 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 94 | ||
| License plate : | ZSL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Darłówko ( German Rügenwaldermünde , 1936–1945 Rügenwalde-Bad ) is a seaside resort on the Baltic Sea coast in Western Pomerania , now in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . The seaside resort is a district of Darłowo ( Rügenwalde ).
The mouth of the Wipper ( Wieprza ) divides the place in two halves. The landmark is the lighthouse at the port entrance, which is spanned by a sliding bridge. Darłówko Port is a fishing and trading port. The sliding bridge is only passable for pedestrians; Motor vehicles have to take the detour via Darłowo in order to reach the district of Darłówko on the other side of the port entrance. Darłówko now has 1,600 inhabitants.
Rügenwaldermünde was the oldest seaside resort in Prussia (1814). The place is valued for its microclimate, its fine sandy beach and its dunes. Numerous leisure facilities are available to guests. Recently they have been supplemented by an indoor swimming pool.
history
The village of Münde used to be there , and Rügenwaldermünde was often called “Münde” for short even in the middle of the last century. The village of Münde, which was first mentioned as a customs post in 1327, is said to have been founded by the Wendenburg Dirlow . It was inhabited by fishermen and seamen who were under the jurisdiction of Rügenwalde and who had no land of their own. For centuries, Rügenwaldermünde was a pilot station for the port of Rügenwalde. Since 1684 it has been possible to cross the Wipper at the entrance to the harbor using a Dutch-style drawbridge.
During the Thirty Years War , the port was destroyed by imperial troops because it was of strategic importance in the war against King Gustav Adolf of Sweden. During the Seven Years' War , Russian warships anchored in the roadstead in front of the port on July 30, 1761 , and in the days that followed, Russian land troops were disembarked. a. also occupied Rügenwalde. Around 1784 there were a total of 16 households in Münde, in which mainly fishermen and boatmen lived. Reconstruction of the port only began under Frederick the Great . In 1785 this Prussian king granted a loan of 5,000 thalers for the construction of a sailcloth factory in Rügenwalde, and he contributed 400 thalers for the establishment of a sail rope manufacture.
In the first half of the 19th century, the port of Rügenwalde was one of the ten busiest ports in the Prussian state , but ranked last along with Kolberg and Stolpmünde. In 1848 there were 17 merchant ships here. The port used to have a long western pier extending out into the sea, which has been removed. The port, which in its history has been threatened by silting up again and again, was expanded in its present form from 1873 to 1879. The expansion of the port led to increased influx of people into the village, which until then only had 200 inhabitants.
During the First World War , a small military airfield was built on Darlowberg , west of Rügenwaldermünde. In 1935 the construction of a firing range for heavy artillery began in the Suckowschen Heide and in the pine forests behind the dunes west of Rügenwaldermünde.
In 1936, Rügenwaldermünde was incorporated into the town of Rügenwalde, three kilometers to the east, as Rügenwalde-Bad.
During the Second World War , heavy artillery was fired at the Rügenwalde-Bad firing range, including railway artillery such as the 33 meter long K5 Krupp 28 cm cannon with a range of 80 km. A target area in the Baltic Sea in the sea area in front of Großmöllen and Henkendorf was available for ballistic tests . For guns with an even greater range, target areas 120 to 130 km away from Swinoujscie and the seaside resort of Dievenow were used. Before the end of the war, the most important facilities at the firing range were blown up by the Wehrmacht.
In 1945 Rügenwaldermünde was taken by the Red Army . Subsequently, the place was placed under Polish administration. The immigration of Poles and Ukrainians began, most of whom came initially from areas east of the Curzon Line . The resident German population was expelled on the basis of the Bierut decrees until 1947 .
After the war, the Rügenwaldermünde firing range was first used by the Soviet army, then by the Polish army. International conferences on the subject of defense technology and international security are regularly held on the site of the shooting range. The military airfield near the Darlowberg is still in operation today.
Web links
- Former drawbridge of Rügenwaldermünde
- History of Rügenwaldermünde
- Houses in Rügenwaldermünde
- Ships in Rügenwaldermünde in 1881
- Historical photographs
- City map (Polish / German)
- www.darlowko.net.pl/ - the city's website (Polish)
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ Hans Heinrich Ludwig v. Held: History of the three sieges of Kolberg in the Seven Years' War , Berlin 1847, pp. 205–206, Google .
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann (Ed.): Detailed description of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Volume 2, Stettin 1784, p. 830, No. 2 .
- ^ Military weekly paper of August 25, 1827, No. 583, p. 3706, Google .
- ↑ Annual report on the most important objects of traffic and consumption in the Prussian state and in the German customs association in the period from 1831 to 1836 , compiled from official sources by CFW Dieterici, Berlin, Posen and Bromberg 1838, p. 458, Google .
- ^ E. Wendt & Co. (Ed.): Overview of the Prussian Merchant Navy . Stettin January 1848, p. 16 ( online [accessed June 4, 2015]).
- ^ Foss: The Prussian Baltic Sea Coasts , Journal for General Geography, Volume 11, Berlin 1861, pp. 247-257, Google .
- ↑ Carlheinz Rosenow: Rügenwalde an der Ostsee - Small history of the hometown , in: Der Kreis Schlawe - A Pommersches Heimatbuch (M. Vollack, Ed.), Volume II: The cities and rural communities , Husum 1989, ISBN 3-88042-337- 7 , p. 691.
- ^ Map PL003: Hinterpommern , 9th edition, Höfer Verlag, Dietzenbach 2005, ISBN 978-3-931103-14-9 .