Dendrocnide

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Dendrocnide
Dendrocnide meyeniana

Dendrocnide meyeniana

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Nettle family (Urticaceae)
Genre : Dendrocnide
Scientific name
Dendrocnide
Miq.

Dendrocnide is a genus of plants in the nettle family(Urticaceae). The 36 to about 70 species are distributed worldwide in the tropics ; Their biodiversity is particularly great in Southeast Asia . The Dendrocnide species have stinging hairs .

description

Appearance and leaves

In Dendrocnide TYPES is evergreen shrubs or trees . The wood is soft. The branching is sympodial . The Dendrocnide species have stiff stinging hairs that are very irritating to the skin .

The alternate , spiral and often crowded leaves in the upper area of ​​the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaves are always covered (reinforced) with stinging hairs . The cystolites are point-shaped. The simple, leathery or paper-like leaf blade is pinnate, rarely three to five-nerved. The leaf edge can be smooth, wavy or notched. The leathery, mostly large stipules have a smooth upper end, are completely fused together and fall off early, leaving clear circular scars . The cotyledons ( cotyledons ) wide.

Inflorescences and flowers

Dendrocnide species are dioeciously segregated ( dioecious ). The individual, lateral, on inflorescence shafts, zymös - panicle or racemose inflorescences always contain only flowers of one sex. The flowers stand alone or in groups. The female flower clusters often have thickened, fleshy fan-shaped flower axes (receptaculum). Bracts are available.

The male flowers are four or five-fold. The stamens are bent inwards in the flower bud. There is a distinct rudimentary ovary in the male flowers. In the female flowers, the four almost identical bracts are fused at their base, whereby the two lateral perianth lobes are slightly larger than the other two. There are no staminodes in the female flowers. In the female flowers is ovary upright and ovoid and the scar filiform or tongue-shaped papillae on one side. The ovules are orthotropic.

Fruits and seeds

The mostly recurved fruit stalks are cylindrical and can be thickened; when several stand together, they form a shiny mass. The slightly sloping and often flattened achenes have a warty surface. The durable stylus is curved back. The seeds contain at most a thin endosperm .

Occurrence

The genus Dendrocnide is distributed with 36 to about 70 species in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and Australia (with six species in Queensland and New South Wales ) as well as on the Pacific islands. Six species occur in China , one of them only there.

Strains of Dendrocnide excelsa
Australian nettle ( Dendrocnide moroides )
Habit of Dendrocnide photiniphylla
Habit with inflorescences of Dendrocnide sinuata
Dendrocnide stimulant

Systematics

The genus Dendrocnide was established in 1851 by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel in Plantae Junghuhnianae , 1, p. 29. As lectotype was 1965 Dendrocnide costata Miq. by Wee-Lek Chew in Gard. Bull. Singapore , 21 (2), p. 202.

There are 36 to about 70 species of Dendrocnide :

use

The fibers from the logs are used to make ropes.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Chen Jiarui, Ib Friis & C. Melanie Wilmot-Dear: Dendrocnide , p. 88 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 5 - Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-27-X .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k G. J. Harden: Dendrocnide - Entry in the New South Wales Flora Online.
  3. ↑ Dendrocnide at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Supplementary literature

  • M. Hurley: Growth dynamics and leaf quality of the stinging trees Dendrocnide moroides and Dendrocnide cordifolia (Family Urticaceae) in Australian tropical rainforest: implications for herbivores , In: Australian Journal of Botany , Volume 48, Issue 2, 2000 pp. 191-201 . doi : 10.1071 / BT98006

Web links

Commons : Dendrocnide  - collection of images, videos and audio files