Desulfuromonas
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
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| Pfennig and Biebl 1977 |
Desulfuromonas is a genus of bacteria. They are sulfur breathers, through the reduction of elemental sulfur (S 0 ) energy is obtained, which is converted into the further metabolism.
The name is derived from the Latin sulfur for sulfur and the Greek monas for unicellular (monad).
properties
Desulfuromonas cells are straight or slightly curved rods 0.3-0.9 × 1.0-4.0 micrometers. Some species are motile by a single flagellum , e.g. Desulfuromonas acetoxidans and D. acetexigens . The species D. svalbardensis is flagellated peritrich. Other species also have no flagella and are immobile, such as D. palmitatis and D. carbonis . All species are strictly anaerobic , they cannot tolerate oxygen and therefore only live in oxygen-free areas such as salt lakes , brackish water, fresh water and seas. The Gram test is negative. Permanent stages such as spores are not formed.
metabolism
Desulfuromonas is one of the sulfur-reducing bacteria. Simple organic compounds such as acetate serve as electron donors within the respiratory chain in energy metabolism and as sources of building materials. Elemental sulfur serves as an electron acceptor . The oxidation of the organic compounds brings electrons into an electron transport chain . A proton motor force is generated, which ultimately leads to the formation of ATP . As an electron acceptor, sulfur takes up the electrons again and is reduced to hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). One also speaks of sulfur breathing. Desulfuromonas can u. a. use the following sulfur compounds as electron acceptors: elemental sulfur, various polysulfides and cystine . It cannot use sulfate and sulfite . In addition to acetate, z. B. Ethanol , pyruvate , lactate and glutamate serve as organic substances for electron donors. By reducing sulfur to hydrogen sulfide, Desulfuromonas is important in the earth's sulfur cycle .
In addition to elemental sulfur, some species can also use manganese (IV) and iron (III) as electron acceptors. This includes, for example, D. carbonis .
Systematics
The genus Desulfuromonas belongs to the family Desulfuromonadaceae in the order Desulfuromonadales , which belongs to the class of Deltaproteobacteria . The following is a list of some species (as of January 15, 2019):
- Desulfuromonas acetexigens Finster et al. 1997
- Desulfuromonas acetoxidans Pfennig and Biebl 1977
- Desulfuromonas carbonis An and Picardal 2015
- Desulfuromonas chloroethenica Krumholz 1997
- Desulfuromonas michiganensis Sung et al. 2009
- Desulfuromonas palmitatis Coates et al. 2000
- Desulfuromonas svalbardensis Vandieken et al. 2006
- Desulfuromonas thiophila Finster et al. 1997
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d George M. Garrity (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 2: The Proteobacteria. Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria. Springer, New York 2005, ISBN 0-387-24145-0 .
- ↑ a b Thuy T. An and Flynn W. Picardal: Desulfuromonas carbonis sp. nov., an Fe (III) -, S0- and Mn (IV) -reducing bacterium isolated from an active coalbed methane gas well . In: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology , 65, 2015, pp. 1686-1693. doi: 10.1099 / ijs.0.000159
- ↑ JP Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Desulfuromonas (as of June 1, 2015)
literature
- Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock - Microbiology . 11th edition, Pearson Studium, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8274-0566-1 .
- George M. Garrity (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 2: The Proteobacteria. Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria. Springer, New York 2005, ISBN 0-387-24145-0 .