German Reich Sports Badge

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The sports badge , which was renamed the German Reich Sports Badge in 1933 - also known as the Reich Sports Badge or from 1937 as the German Reich Award for Physical Exercise - was an award in the field of popular sports that was awarded under National Socialism in the period from 1933 to 1944. With the ordinance of July 1, 1937, it was declared a state badge (medal).

German Reich Sports Badge in silver

prehistory

In the German Empire - the beginning of a sports badge

The creation of a sports badge was already started in the German Empire . It was Carl Diem who took the initiative for the organization of "a [r] public award", which was intended as part of the "general physical fitness".

During the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , sports official Diem followed the successful performance of the Swedish and American nations. In doing so, he gained valuable experience that should be incorporated into his sports badge initiative. On September 29, 1912, Carl Diem submitted a motion to the "introduction of a German sports badge" at the general assembly of the German Reich Committee for the Olympic Games (DRAFOS) in the Palast Hotel in Berlin . The planned award should be based on the existing models from the USA (» Athletic Badge « from 1904) and from Sweden (» Idrotts-Märket«From 1907) orientate. For this purpose, Diem presented "the representatives of the German gymnastics and sports associations" with the Swedish material from the " Idrotts-Märket ".

A meeting was held on October 21, 1912 about a German sports badge. As early as November 10, 1912, the preliminary conditions for acquiring a sports badge were passed at the DRAfOS general meeting. Furthermore, Carl Diem has been appointed Secretary General of DRAfOS. The binding award conditions were published on March 21, 1913 in the DRAfOS "stadium calendar". Due to the distanced attitude of the German Gymnastics Association (DT), the sporting award was not introduced as a German gymnastics and sports badge as planned, but was given the name Award for versatile achievements in the field of physical exercise . The first exams were held on September 7, 1913. Carl Diem was one of the first people to be awarded the sports badge. With the outbreak of the First World War , the performance approvals for a sports badge were discontinued - almost 1,300 awards have been awarded to date.

In the Weimar Republic - expansion and renaming

The aloof attitude on the part of the German gymnastics association was gradually put into perspective after the end of the First World War, so that they cooperated with the continuation of a sports badge. In 1919, the sports badge exams could be resumed in the Weimar Republic . In 1920 the name was changed to the German Gymnastics and Sports Badge , for which the German Reich Committee for Physical Exercise (DRA) was responsible. Carl Diem endeavored, as Secretary General of the DRA, to limit the options to basic physical skills. Nevertheless, the professional associations continuously tried to have the respective sport included in one of the five test groups.

The year 1921 represented a milestone in the development of the sports badge - since January 29, all citizens aged 18 and over have had the opportunity to acquire the German gymnastics and sports badge. From then on, women were also allowed to provide services. The first woman to receive this award was Adele Schacke from the Göttingen 08 swimming club. Another criterion not to be disregarded was club membership, which was no longer a mandatory criterion for acquisition and thus led to an additional increase in the number of awards. On March 14, 1925, after lengthy negotiations, the DRA expanded the sports badge to include the Reich Youth Badge , although initially only young men were allowed to take the exams. Ultimately, with permission from November 17, 1927, girls were also allowed to acquire the Reich Youth Badge.

As a result of the growing tensions between the individual sports movements and the rising ideologization within the young republic, further sports badges were introduced at the end of the twenties that competed with the German gymnastics and sports badges. In particular , conflicts arose between the bourgeois national sports movement and the workers' sports movement . The newly introduced badges quickly gained in importance, especially since the number of awards for the German gymnastics and sports badge stagnated strongly during the global economic crisis and every association wanted to retain its own supporters. On the bourgeois side, for example, the "performance test of the German Gymnastics Federation" (1928), the "Stahlhelm-Wehrkreuz" (1930) and the "performance test of the Reich Board of Trustees for Youth Training " (1933). The "Workers Sport Badge" (1932), which was awarded by the Central Committee (ZK) , which was oriented towards social democracy, was introduced in workers' sport . In addition, the badge "Ready for the proletarian class struggle" (1931) was created for communist-oriented workers' athletes .

All sports badges / achievement badges were based in principle on the German gymnastics and sports badges. These also included physical versatility tests in the field of popular sports and were also characterized by the essential test components of the German gymnastics and sports badge. Nevertheless, the competition badges differed in two crucial details. On the one hand, the defensive strength of the applicants was targeted. Special services were in the foreground such as small-caliber shooting , camouflage, baggage march , cross-country and obstacle course , command and map knowledge , distance estimates, club targeting, etc. On the other hand, there was the "political-ideological test component [s]", which was "personal probation and attitude ”As well as“ knowledge of 'ethnic' or 'proletarian knowledge' ”etc. of the athlete. Only the workers' sports badge of the Central Committee broke away from all these peculiarities and from today's point of view can be seen as an equivalent competitive badge.

Development of the Reich Sports Badge during National Socialism

With the National Socialist dictatorship a new period of sport began in Germany. Associations and associations that had been founded during the Weimar period or that collided with National Socialist ideology faced serious problems . The German Reich Committee for Physical Exercise also gave in to pressure from the new rulers and dissolved in 1933 (official date of dissolution: May 10, 1933). This handed over the civically organized sport to the National Socialists. One of the last official acts of the DRA was a further name change, adapted to the regime, to the German Reich Sports Badge and Reich Youth Sports Badge (RJA), which took place in March of the same year. During this period of upheaval, the National Socialists appointed SA group leader Hans von Tschammer und Osten , who was appointed Reich Sports Commissioner for Gymnastics and Sport on April 28, 1933 (from July 19, 1933 as Reich Sports Leader ). Power struggles within or between the sports departments often prevented cooperation so that no common goal was pursued. After the DRA was dissolved, the award was carried out on behalf of the Reich Sports Commissioner and Sports Leader at the local level. On March 9, 1934, the German Reich Association for Physical Exercise (DRL) emerged from the disbanded DRA as the new supreme sports authority in the German Reich . The examination conditions for the Reich Sports Badge were immediately revised to a minor extent. By adding military sports content, the Reich Sports Badge was adapted to the “requirements of the National Socialist state”. The design of the badge was also responsible for a few modifications. During the award period in the Third Reich, a swastika was emblazoned in the lower area of ​​the ribbon bow and the letters DRA became the letters DRL (from 1935).

Gradually, from 1933 onwards, the organizations of the NSDAP created “a closed system of military sports-oriented badges, graded according to age group,” whose name and content were based on the sports badge. On November 28, 1933, the SA chief of staff Ernst Röhm donated his own badge for his storm department (SA) - the SA sports badge (from 1939 SA military badge ) was born. The Reich Board of Trustees for Youth Enhancement (RKJ) brought out the RKJ badge , which has been awarded since March 1934. On June 1, 1934, two additional badges were created for the youth. Baldur von Schirach introduced the HJ achievement badge for the Hitler Youth (HJ) and a special badge for the Association of German Girls (BDM). Furthermore, since October 3, 1935, there was a performance badge for the German Young People who joined the Pimpfenprobe . The girls were awarded the young girl's badge. Until 1933/34, any badge from the Weimar Republic was banned or incorporated into the SA sports badge or the German Reich sports badge. The newly created politicized badges were supposed to convey one thing above all else - the new National Socialist values. In 1938 the National Socialists incorporated the Austrian gymnastics and sports badge into the German Reich sports badge .

With Heinrich Himmler's SS orders, there were elementary changes in 1937, among other things. While the possession of the Reich sports badge was first required for the future bride (year of birth after 1920) of an SS man in order to obtain an engagement and marriage permit, a little later the SS men themselves (under the age of 50) had to have the Reich sports badge can prove. On July 1, 1937, the "Ordinance on the Implementation of the Law on Titles, Orders and Decorations" (Section 5 in RGBl. I p. 725) was passed for the entire Reich territory. Accordingly, the German Reich Sports Badge was declared a badge of honor. It was thus recognized by the state and received the status of an order, which also applies to the current sports badge. By implementing Decree of September 1, 1937 (§ 3 h in RGBl I, p. 961) which was determined by the leader Decree Reich Sports Office built the future on behalf of the Reich sports leader, the sports badge "as an official award for versatile services in the field of Physical Education" awarded . The sports badge was officially given the designation German Reich Award for Physical Exercise. With Hitler's decree of December 21, 1938, the DRL was renamed. The newly created institution of the National Socialist Reich Association for Physical Exercise (NSRL) was directly supervised by the NSDAP .

During the time of the National Socialists in power, the structures and areas of responsibility in the sports authorities were changed several times. “By creating a middle and lower level of [state] sports supervision”, a major step was taken in 1940 towards “decentralizing the award of the Reich Sports Badge”. From 1941 this enabled, for example, "Reichsstatthalter [n], Ministries of the Interior, Lord President, Lord Mayor of the Reich capital Berlin" and "District Administrator [s] and Lord Mayor [s]" to organize and carry out, and later even the award. The acquisition of the Reich Sports Badge was also made easier due to the falling number of awards and as a result of the advancing war (Section 8 of the RMBl. P. 242). Changes made in 1942 for “young people [...] before the age of 18” and for “male members of the Wehrmacht , the Waffen SS , the Reich Labor Service and the police” should be mentioned. In this way, young people could already obtain the sports badge at the age of 17. For male relatives in the front line, various simplifications have been made possible, such as an extension of the deadline or the waiver of repeat exams. In addition, the Reichssportführer introduced the disabled sports badge for physically handicapped men in 1942 ( see Acquisition of the Badge ) . The defeat of Stalingrad in March 1943 heralded the end of the award of the Reich Youth Sports Badge. The end of the German Reich Award for Physical Exercise (German Reich sports badge including disabled sports badges) was sealed in August 1944.

Acquisition of the badge

Since the existence of a sports badge there has been a class division, which was adopted by the National Socialists from the time of the Weimar Republic . The applicant had to achieve “a five-fold good performance”, which in turn “required the passing of certain performance tests on heart and lung strength, elasticity, physical skill, speed and endurance.” In each test group the candidate had to take one of the offered exams of your choice. After a minor revision of the examination conditions in 1934, the group of applicants was adjusted on August 22, 1935. Thus, the acquisition of the German Reich Sports Badge was only granted to certain parts of the population. This ideologization of the group of applicants deliberately limited the acquisition. The already mentioned "Ordinance on the Implementation of the Law on Titles, Medals and Medals" from 1937 ( see Development of the Reich Sports Badge in National Socialism ) gave the sporting award the status of a state badge.

The following ideological content was recorded in the provisions for the German Reich Sports Badge:

The purpose of the Reich Sports Badge is to provide an incentive to achieve the highly increased general physical education necessary for the people's strength and to maintain this physical ability into old age.
The award can be acquired by any innocent German of Aryan descent who
a) has reached the age of 18,
b) fulfills the conditions set.

According to the regulations of the Reich Sports Office, the following applied to the division into classes:

The Reich Sports Badge is awarded in three classes, in bronze, silver (silver-plated) and gold (gold-plated).
  • The bronze award acquires
    Anyone who has reached the age of 18 up to the age of 32 fulfills the five required benefits within 12 months.
  • The award in silver acquires
    a) whoever fulfills the five required services within 12 months one after the other in 8 years, regardless of whether they are consecutive or not,
    b) those who are over the age of 32 and have fulfilled the five required services within 12 months by the time they are 40.
  • The award in gold acquires
    a) those who have the Reich Sports Badge in silver and each time fulfill the five required performances within 12 months in the next seven years,
    b) those who are over the age of 40 and fulfill the five required services within 12 months.

A new, fourth class was the disabled sports badge , which was created on November 18, 1942 (RMBl. P. 242) primarily for war-damaged soldiers, but could also be awarded to physically handicapped people. Acquisition was regulated in a similar way to the classes available to date, but contained more special examination conditions due to the various physical limitations (see disabled sports badge) . For this purpose, the candidates were categorized into two groups.

For this purpose, the following was stated in the order of the Reich Sports Leader of November 18, 1942 in Section 7:

  1. War invalids and other physically handicapped men who, in spite of a significant and permanent impairment in performance, can prove a five-fold, different level of performance exceeding the average performance level of the same type of disabled person, acquire the badge in silver with a golden wreath (disabled sports badge) under similar conditions.
  2. Applicants are divided into group A, for which exercises are standardized, and group B, for which they are determined on a case-by-case basis.

Anyone who intended to apply for the award had to apply to a gymnastics or sports club or a local branch of the DRL / NSRL, the university, the school or the respective superior department of the Wehrmacht , the protection police , the Reich Labor Service , the SA or register for the SS . The book of documents required to prove that the exams were passed cost 1 RM (plus postage). The photo was glued into the document booklet, the personal details entered with signature and certified by the association, the local group, the school or an official body. The applicant had to register with the respective body for the examination, which was to supervise the envisaged performance. The associations publicly announced the dates and types of the exams and also set up special registration offices that notify the candidate of the place and time of the scheduled exam. The supervisors and examiners were appointed by the sports authority for acceptance. The service provision had to be approved by at least two authorized examiners and certified after successful completion. The applicant had to pay 1.50 RM (plus postage) for the badge and, upon request, could also receive a pin for 1 RM (plus postage) and a cloth badge for 0.30 RM (plus postage).

Exam conditions

The conditions of the examination were largely based on the award conditions from the previous years, which had been included since the introduction in the German Empire . The minor changes made by the National Socialists already indicated a certain direction - making the people defensive. The military sport efforts were underlined more and more and were not only included in the German Reich Sports Badge, but also in the numerous badges awarded at the same time. The existing examination options for the Reich Sports Badge have been supplemented by further ones, such as "small-caliber shooting" and "large-caliber shooting" in the fourth test group. In the fifth test group of the badge for men, the "25 km baggage march" and the "motorcycle off-road trip over a distance of at least 50 km" were added. The conditions were differentiated within the five groups in order to correspond to the local conditions and to meet the differentiated abilities of the individual applicants as much as possible without losing sight of the formulated examination objective.

The following table shows the examination conditions based on the booklet of the Reich Sports Office for the German Reich Sports Badge for men and women. Most of the time, the disciplines are presented in abbreviated form:

Group 1

General swimming ability

Disciplines
  • swim
    - in standing water, adapted requirements in flowing water
    - Men: 300 m in 9 min
    - Women: 200 m in 7 min
  • Basic license from the German Lifesaving Society
    - a total of 8 exam components
    - Choice for men and women
  • Go fast
    - Option for women only
    - Admitted only in places where there is no opportunity for swimming tests
    - 2 km in 18 min
Group 2

Jumping ability

Disciplines
  • high jump
    - over a bar without using a diving board
    - Men: 1.35 m
    - Women: 1.10 m
  • Long jump
    - without the use of a diving board
    - Men: 4.75 m
    - Women: 3.50 m
  • Leap
    - without the use of a diving board
    - Evaluation with at least 12 points
    - Men: Giant jump (straddle) over a long 120 cm high & 170 cm long horse without pommel
    - Women: horse jump over long-standing 110 cm high & 170 cm long horse without pommels
  • Ski jumping
    - Achievement of grade 12 in a Gau or circular jump run
Group 3

Running speed

Disciplines
  • To run
    - Men:
    a) 100 m in 13.4 s
    b) 400 m in 68 s
    c) 1000 m in 5 min 20 s
    - women:
    a) 75 m in 12.0 s
    b) 100 m in 15.5 s
Group 4

Coordinative ability (speed strength)

Disciplines
  • Discus throwing (2.50 m circle diameter)
    - Men (2 kg): 25 m
    - Women (1 kg): 22 m
  • Javelin
    - Men (800 g): 30 m
    - Women (600 g): 22 m
  • Shot put (2.135 m circle diameter)
    - Men (7.25 kg): 8 m
    - Women (8 lbs): 7.25 m
  • Stone throwing (15 kg)
    - Option for men only
    - Minimum width (left and right together): 9 m
  • Ball throwing (80 g)
    - Option for women only
    - Minimum width: 35 m
  • Stretching gymnastics
    - Evaluation with at least 12 points
    - Connection of different elements
    - Men: instep grip, swing clamp, free support, free rim, free support butt, underswing
    - Women: instep grip, rim upswing, dropping backwards, knee upswing frontwards, change of grip, knee swinging backwards, knee reclining, knee upswing frontwards, comb grip, splay sitting, turning to stand
  • Bar gymnastics
    - Evaluation with at least 12 points
    - Connection of different elements
    - Men: outside transverse stand, elbow grip, hover tilt, support, upper arm stand, roll forward, upper arm slope, swing clamp, fencing flank in the stand
    - Women: lateral stand, hold, shear swing, straddle seat, swinging in, swinging forward, spreading, screw spreading, twisting, sitting crosswise, turning
  • swim
    - in standing water, adapted requirements in flowing water
    - Men: 100 m in 1 min 40 s
    - Women: 100 m in 2 min
  • Ice skating
    - Option for men only
    a) 1500 m in 3 min 40 s (with racing or touring skates - so-called Dutch or Frisian)
    b) 1500 m in 4 min (with normal ice skates, including hockey skates)
  • skiing
    - Option for women only
    - Acceptance only for district or district competitions
    - easier cross-country runs up to a maximum of 3 km
    - "The running distance must be covered in a time that does not exceed the time of the winner by more than 25 percent"
  • rowing
    - Men:
    (1): Victory in a race on a German open rowing regatta, which is not restricted to a local area and in which at least 150 rowers have started, with at least 3 boats over at least 1800 m (on dead water or over at least 2000 m on flowing water) )
    (2): 2000 m in racing fours in 8 minutes (on dead water, on flowing water a correspondingly longer distance)
    or: 2000 m in Renneiner in 9 min (on electricityless water, on flowing water a correspondingly longer distance)
    - women:
    - Victory in a competitive rowing with a participation of at least 3 boats: or : Achievement of at least ¾ of the maximum number of points in a competition in style rowing
  • Paddle
    - Men:
    Paddling (I):
    - Victory in a race on a German open canoe regatta with at least 3 boats (kayak, canoe, folding boat) over at least 1000 m (short distance regatta)
    - Long distance regatta over at least 10 km
    Paddling (II):
    - 1000 m in 6 min 55 s in a folding boat (class F 1)
    - 1000 m in 7 min 35 s in a racing boat (class R 1)
    - women:
    - Adaptation of the conditions in flowing water
    - 1000 m in 7 min 10 s in a single kayak (class R 1)
    - 1000 m in 7 min 45 s in a folding boat (class F 1)
  • Weightlifting
    - Option for men only
    - To raise a weight (ball or disc bar), one-armed (at least half of one's own body weight), two-armed (at least the own weight of the test object)
    - Perform both exercises
  • Gliding
    - Choice for men and women
    - 3 gliding flights with an S-curve of 1 minute each followed by a smooth landing
  • Small bore shooting
    - on a police-approved shooting range, at a distance of 50 m, against a small bore target with 12 rings (1 cm apart)
    - 5 rounds each lying freehand, kneeling, standing freehand, open sights
    - Scopes and other aids are prohibited
    - each series of 5 rounds must be fired within 5 minutes (series follow each other immediately)
    - Hand fire cartridges - 5.6 mm long for rifles
    - 5 test shots
    - Men:
    - Minimum performance: 130 rings
    - women:
    - Minimum performance: 120 rings
  • Large caliber shooting
    - Option for men only
    a) Target rifle
    - Disc: stand disc
    - Distance 175 m
    - 20 circular ring discs: 235 rings
    b) Wehrmann rifle
    - Target: Lorenz figure or Wehrmann rifle target
    - Distance 175 m
    - 5 shots standing hands-free, 5 shots kneeling or sitting hands-free, 5 shots lying hands-free
    - 20-circle ring disc: 210 rings
    c) pistol
    - Distance 50 m
    - 20-circle ring disc: 215 rings
  • Throwing lobe (grenades wide throw)
    - Weight of the club (hand grenade) at least 500 g
    - Litter from standing or with a running start
    - Option for men only
    - required width: 44 m
Group 5

Endurance performance

Disciplines
  • To run
    - Men: 10000 m in 50 min
    - Women: 2000 m in 12 min
  • Go
    - Option for women only
    - 25 km in 5 h
  • Baggage march
    - 25 km in 4 h 10 min
    - on a normal country road
    - 12.5 kg luggage (knapsack or rucksack)
    - partially mandatory suit (uniform, hiking or street suit, but no training equipment)
  • swim
    - in standing water, adapted requirements in flowing water
    - Men: 1,000 m in 24 minutes
    - Women: 1,000 m in 29 minutes
  • To go biking
    - Men:
    - 20,000 m on a country road in 45 minutes
    - 20,000 m on a cycling track in 43 minutes
    - women:
    - on a country road in 60 minutes
  • Ice skating
    - Option for men only
    - 10,000 m on racing or touring skates in 27 minutes (so-called Dutch or Frisian)
    - 10,000 m on ordinary ice skates in 30 minutes (including hockey skates)
  • skiing
    - Option for men only
    - Completing a circular or Gaulan run over 15 to 18 km in a time that exceeds the average speed of the three best runners by up to 50%
  • rowing
    - Men:
    - The same conditions apply to running water if you row half of the route upstream and the other half downstream
    - If you only row downstream, the examination board will adjust it
    a) Race over 11 km in 1 hour in a gig quad (type A) or Seegig (quad)
    b) Race over 12 km in 1 h in a gig quad (type B)
    - women:
    - if necessary, adjustment for fast flowing water
    - 10 km in 1 h in a gig double quad
  • Paddle
    - Men:
    - 10 km in 75 min in a folding boat (class F 1)
    - 10 km in 65 min in a racing boat (class R 1)
    - 10 km in 75 min in a double canoe (class K 1)
    - women:
    - 10 km in 75 min in a single kayak (class R 1)
    - 10 km in 85 min in a folding boat (class F 1)
    - 10 km in 86 min in a Canadian scull (class K 1)
  • horse riding
    - Men:
    - Terrain ride class L (any public terrain ride can be counted with prior registration)
    - One grade no worse than 3 for both speed and obstacles
    - Examination by appointed officer of members of mounted formations (Wehrmacht or police)
    - women:
    - Terrain ride class L (any public terrain ride can be counted with prior registration)
    - One grade no worse than 3 for both speed and obstacles
  • Motorcycle off-road driving
    - Option for men only
    - Maximum duration: 85 min
    - over a distance of at least 50 km
    - including 5 km of country or meadow path (no wider than 1 m to 1.20 m), 15 km forest path (no wider than 1 m to 1.20 m), 3 km in the field (wasteland or stubble field)
    - 3 gradients of at least 25% on forest or country roads
    - Crossing two dry trenches at least 1 m deep and 4 m wide
    - Driving a narrow forest path no more than 50 cm wide and at least 100 m long
    - exclusive use of mass-produced machines

Award numbers

From the introduction of a German sports badge in 1913 to the discontinuation of the sports badge tests in 1944, there has been an almost continuous increase in the number of awards. Stagnation phases as a result of the First World War , the global economic crisis in the 1920s and the Second World War can be recognized in isolated cases . At the transition to the Nazi regime, a new and numerical upswing can be seen, although the numbers seem to have remained constant from 1937. Due to sources that have been destroyed or cannot be found, the information on the award numbers vary widely and are in some cases only based on estimates. At the beginning of the 1930s there were only about 55,000 badges a year (the information varies by up to 77,000 badges), but in 1939 more than 100,000 Reich sports badges were awarded. Due to the war, the numbers later declined. It is estimated that between 1933 and 1945 more than 1 million awards (possibly up to 1.5 million awards) took place.

Award numbers of the German Reich Sports Badge:

year Award numbers (since 1913)
1933
≈ 55,000 - 80,000
1934
≈ 65,000 - 100,000
1935
≈ 75,000 - 100,000
1936
≈ 95,000
1937
≈ 100,000
1938
between 95,000 - 110,000
from 1939
annually ≈ 100,000

chronology

The following are the most important events in the creation and development of a German sports badge from 1912 to 1945:

Summary of major events0
year event
1912
  • Lecture by Carl Diems on the ideas of a German sports badge
  • Adoption of the conditions by the German Reich Committee for the Olympic Games for a German sports badge under the name Award for diverse performance in the field of physical exercise (only for male adults & member of a club)
1913
  • Publication of the examination conditions in the »stadium calendar«
  • first awards on the occasion of the youth game festival in Berlin
1920
  • Name change to German gymnastics and sports badge by the German Reich Committee for Physical Exercise (DRA)
1921
  • Acquisition of the sports badge for all German citizens - acquisition also possible for women
1925
  • Introduction of a Reich Youth Badge for male youth
1927
  • Introduction of a youth badge for young women
1933
  • Renaming of the German gymnastics and sports badge in German Reich sports badge by DRA
  • Self-dissolution of the DRA
1934
  • Foundation of the German Reich Association for Physical Exercise (DRL)
  • Changes in the examination conditions with inclusion of military sport examination components
1935
  • ideological adaptation to the group of applicants
1937
  • Recognition as a state decoration (medal) with the implementation ordinance of September 1, 1937
  • New official name: German Reich Award for physical exercise
1942
  • Introduction of the disabled sports badge as the fourth award class of the German Reich sports badge
1943
March
  • Suspension of the awards of the Reich Youth Badge
1944
August
  • End of awarding of the Reich Sports Badge

Others

The German Reich Sports Badge is one of the National Socialist awards that are not permitted to be worn in any form in Germany under the law on titles, medals and decorations (Section 6.2) of July 26, 1957.

See also

literature

  • Frank Becker : Shaping the sport. Carl Diems Life (1882–1962). Vol. 1: Empire, Univ.-Verl. Rhein-Ruhr, Duisburg 2009, ISBN 3-942158-43-4 .
  • Hajo Bernett: National Socialist physical education. A documentation of your theory and organization. Hofmann, Schorndorf near Stuttgart 1966, ISBN 3-7780-6011-2 .
  • Jürgen Buschmann & Karl Lennartz: 75 years of the German sports badge. German Sportbund, Frankfurt / Main 1988, ISBN 3-89152-377-7 .
  • German Reich Committee for the Olympic Games: Stadium calendar for the German Reich. No. 3. Berlin 1913.
  • Hans Ritter von Lex: The Reich sports badge and disabled sports badge. Rudolph & Meister-Verlag, Kassel 1944.
  • Andreas Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. Brockmeyer, Bochum 1989, ISBN 3-88339-754-7 .
  • Reichssportamt: The Reichssportabzeichen. German Reich Award for physical exercise. Provisions for men. Berlin o.A.
  • Reichssportamt: The Reichssportabzeichen. German Reich Award for physical exercise. Provisions for women. Berlin o.A.
  • Karl-Adolf Scherer: Order for Millions. 75 years of the German sports badge. German Sportbund, Frankfurt 1988, ISBN 3-89152-129-4 .

Web links

  • Homepage of the German Olympic Sports Confederation: The sports badge. History. History at a glance. dosb.de (accessed February 7, 2014).
  • Homepage of the German Sports Badge: The Sports Badge. deutsches-sportabzeichen.de (accessed February 7, 2014).
  • Günter Herkel: Sports medals for everyone - 100 years of the German sports badge. In: Deutschlandradio Kultur website. deutschlandradiokultur.de (accessed on February 7, 2014).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl Diem quoted. According to Scherer: medals for millions. 75 years of the German sports badge. 1988, p. 10.
  2. ↑ a b c Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, p. 2.
  3. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, pp. 1-3.
  4. ↑ Scherer: Order for Millions. 75 years of the German sports badge. 1988, pp. 12-13.
  5. ^ Homepage of the German Olympic Sports Confederation: History at a Glance. dosb.de ( Memento of the original from December 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed February 7, 2014). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dosb.de
  6. ↑ Becker: Shaping the sport. Carl Diems Life (1882–1962). Vol. 1: Empire. 2009, pp. 161-163.
  7. ↑ Buschmann & Lennartz: 75 years of the German sports badge. 1988, p. 21.
  8. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, p. 3, p. 48.
  9. ↑ Scherer: Order for Millions. 75 years of the German sports badge. 1988, pp. 13-14.
  10. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, p. 5, pp. 10-11.
  11. ^ Günter Herkel: Sports medals for everyone - 100 years of the German sports badge. In: Deutschlandradio Kultur website. deutschlandradiokultur.de (accessed on February 7, 2014).
  12. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, p. 6.
  13. ↑ Scherer: Order for Millions. 75 years of the German sports badge. 1988, pp. 20-22.
  14. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, pp. 50-52.
  15. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, p. 52.
  16. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, pp. 51-53.
  17. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, pp. 13-14, p. 54.
  18. ^ Jürgen Buschmann, Karl Lennartz: 75 Years of the German Sports Badge. 1988, ISBN 3-89152-377-7 , pp. 60 above .
  19. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, pp. 13-14, pp. 53-55.
  20. ↑ Scherer: Order for Millions. 75 years of the German sports badge. 1988, pp. 27-30.
  21. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, p. 56.
  22. ↑ Buschmann & Lennartz: 75 years of the German sports badge. 1988, pp. 53-59.
  23. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, pp. 56-62.
  24. ↑ a b Lex: The Reich sports badge and disabled sports badge. 1944, pp. 3-4.
  25. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, pp. 13-15.
  26. ↑ Lex: The Reich Sports Badge and Disabled Sports Badge. 1944, p. 15.
  27. ↑ Lex: The Reich Sports Badge and Disabled Sports Badge. 1944, p. 16.
  28. ↑ Buschmann & Lennartz: 75 years of the German sports badge. 1988, p. 64.
  29. ↑ Buschmann & Lennartz: 75 years of the German sports badge. 1988, p. 61.
  30. ↑ Lex: The Reich Sports Badge and Disabled Sports Badge. 1944, pp. 3-4, pp. 15-26.
  31. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, p. 29.
  32. ^ A b c d Reichssportamt: The Reichssportabzeichen. German Reich Award for physical exercise. Provisions for men. [O. A.], p. 2.
  33. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, pp. 6-8, p. 45, p. 68.
  34. ↑ Lex: The Reich Sports Badge and Disabled Sports Badge. 1944, p. 36
  35. ↑ Lex: The Reich Sports Badge and Disabled Sports Badge. 1944, pp. 15-26.
  36. ^ Reichssportamt: Das Reichssportabzeichen. German Reich Award for physical exercise. Provisions for men. [O. A.], pp. 2, 7-11.
  37. ↑ Bernett: National Socialist Physical Education. A documentation of your theory and organization. 1966, pp. 146-149.
  38. ^ Reichssportamt: Das Reichssportabzeichen. German Reich Award for physical exercise. Provisions for men. [O. A.], p. 5.
  39. ↑ a b Buschmann & Lennartz: 75 years of the German sports badge. 1988, pp. 22-25.
  40. ^ Reichssportamt: Das Reichssportabzeichen. German Reich Award for physical exercise. Provisions for men. [O. A.], pp. 2-7.
  41. ^ Reichssportamt: Das Reichssportabzeichen. German Reich Award for physical exercise. Provisions for women. [O. A.], pp. 5-8.
  42. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, p. 91.
  43. ↑ Buschmann & Lennartz: 75 years of the German sports badge. 1988, p. 31.
  44. ↑ Luh: 75 years of the German sports badge. Sport and social change. In: Contributions to research on Germany. Vol. 6. 1989, pp. 79-80.
  45. ↑ Law on Titles, Orders and Decorations. Second part. § 6 (2) Previously awarded awards. 1957.