Financial garden

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Plan of the pleasure garden from 1837
Financial garden

The financial garden or financial garden is a green area of about two hectares in downtown Munich between the courtyard and the English Garden . The garden landscape with a striking elevation was created on the site of a bastion from the Thirty Years War and is predominantly forested.

The property belongs to the Free State of Bavaria and is maintained by the Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes .

history

Ascent to the former bastion from the east

The so-called Third Munich Wall Ring from the Thirty Years' War was built with wide bastions as protection from the artillery that had emerged . In the north it included the courtyard garden in the city for the first time, so that the remnants of the ramparts connected to the former pleasure garden of the Munich residence .

At the end of the Thirty Years War, the fortifications were already obsolete from a military point of view. The area of ​​today's park was therefore no longer needed to protect the city and was given to the Theatine monastery as a kitchen garden when it was founded around 1665 . That is why the bastion within the garden was the only one of the former Munich Wall to be preserved. Even before secularization , the monastery was closed in 1802 for financial reasons.

The garden was publicly auctioned; The buyer was the Abbé von Salabert , who, as the former tutor of the incumbent Elector Max IV. Joseph, had a high position at the court. Salabert bought further plots in the east until he owned the land from Landstrasse to Schwabing, today's Ludwigstrasse to the northeast corner of the old town. His approach to purchases is described as "intriguing". He is said to have secured the support of the court for the expropriations of the landowners by stating that he wanted to promote the adornment of the English Garden , which has now been laid out to the north . Salabert had the Palaisbächl running below the bastion designed as a romantic watercourse and a network of paths set up for strolling . On the former bastion he continued the vegetable patches of the former monastery garden and at the highest point he had a garden pavilion built over a grotto , which was also known as a temple . In 1804 he commissioned the architect Karl von Fischer to build a palace in the east of the property ; the later Prince Carl Palais was built . This building contradicted Salabert's argument with the interest of the English Garden, because since then the public access from the Hofgarten to the English Garden has only been a 10 m wide footpath.

After the Abbé's death in 1807, the royal garden architect Ludwig von Sckell advocated that Max I Josef, who had meanwhile become king, bought the property. Sckell saw the English Garden as a true folk garden and wanted to make the garden Salabert as extensive connection between the courtyard garden in the English garden to the public. The purchase was made, but the garden remained closed to the public for a long time. In 1825 the king's younger brother, Carl von Bayern , was given the palace and the garden as a residence; thus the name Prinz-Carl-Palais was born . Carl had a side wing built on most of the north side, which lasted until 1937. From the middle third of the 19th century, the area around the complex was increasingly built on.

After Carl's death in 1875 and until 1924, the palace and garden were first used by the Austrian embassy, ​​then the Minister of Finance and finally the Supreme Audit Office. The Palaisbächl, which runs to the north, was vaulted in 1885 because it no longer suited the character of the property due to water pollution and stench. The use of the Finance Minister gave the facility the name Finance Garden. In 1924 the palace became the official residence of the Bavarian Prime Minister .

National Socialism was until 1937 in connection with the construction of the House of German Art , the Von-der-Tann-Strasse widened dramatically. For this purpose, the north wing of the Prinz-Carl-Palais was demolished and a strip of the entire property was built over with the street. The palace was also converted into a guest house and used by Benito Mussolini in 1937 and 1938 . For this purpose, the garden was redesigned and a fountain was moved from the part of the property that was used by the road widening to the new terrace. The westernmost part of the property on Ludwigsstraße was built on with the House of Ministries , today's Ministry of Agriculture , and a deep bunker, the so-called Gauleiter bunker, which has been preserved to this day, was attached to the building in the east .

During the Second World War there was damage to all structures and the trees. After the war, the American military government took over the area and set up a parking lot and a gas station in the western part of the property. The Prinz-Carl-Palais was the seat of the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts from 1948 to 1966 . The higher part of the property on the former bastion became a public park in 1955, the lower part remained in use by the Americans until 1963. In 1964, after the Americans left and their buildings were demolished, the property was designated as a landscape protection area, and in 1969 a development plan followed that declared it a public park. However, this dedication was initially not implemented because the expansion of the Altstadtring had been planned since 1966 . Von-der-Tann-Strasse north of the garden became the main traffic axis to the east, and a tunnel was to be led below it on the property boundary. Large parts of the lower area were used for the construction site.

In 1968/69 plans were drawn up for the construction of a new state chancellery on the property of the financial garden. An architectural competition produced the winning design by Uwe Kiessler , which was based on the fact that the property was open to the public. The building should stand upright in the landscape. The Altstadtring tunnel was opened in 1972 and the area of ​​the construction site was then illegally used as a parking lot by the Ministry of Agriculture without a permit process. In 1975 the plans for a permeable State Chancellery in the Finanzgarten were called into question due to security concerns; the ruins of the Army Museum on the nearby eastern edge of the Hofgarten were later chosen as the site for this project. In 1979, a public passage through the property was created for the first time. The release as green space, as shown in the development plan, was postponed due to the plans for an underground car park above the bunker of the Ministry of Agriculture.

After many years of public protests, most of the illegal parking lot of the ministry was given up in 1984, and the financial garden, with the exception of a small part, became a public green area. The Maxvorstadt district committee collected donations from the citizens, with which the first trees were planted on the site.

Stairs to the highest point from the south
Meadow area in the west

Shape of the plant

The small park is located south of the busy Von-der-Tann-Straße as part of the Altstadtring, which separates it from the English Garden . To the south, the small Galeriestraße runs as a cul-de-sac on which the gallery building of the Hofgarten is located. In the southeast, the financial garden merges into the green areas of the courtyard garden.

From east to west, in the curve of the old town ring, there is a round ornamental pond of the Köglmühlbach with a fountain. The grounds of the Prinz-Carl-Palais adjoin it with a small, fenced-in garden area that is not accessible to the public and which can also be used as a car park during state visits. To the west of this, the terrain rises a maximum of 7 meters to the former bastion, the slope and bastion belong to the financial garden and are loosely wooded with deciduous trees. The bastion originally had the shape of a north-facing triangle, today it can no longer be read so clearly in the terrain, but what has been preserved is the broad base in the south and a shape that tapers slightly to the north. At the highest point of the bastion, the grotto already built by Salabert has been reconstructed in a simplified form. To the west, the bastion is adjoined by the flat part of the financial garden, which makes up about a third of the total area. It has a large open meadow area, its edges are lined with trees. This is followed by the parking lot of the Ministry of Agriculture with the bunker below and finally the Ministry building itself.

The financial garden is fenced, in the south at the bastion the fence is partially replaced by an interception wall. There are several gates on the south side and one each in the east and north. The park is not accessible to the west to the Ministry of Agriculture. In the garden, an ordinance of the palace and lake administration for the English Garden (southern part), courtyard garden and financial garden has been in effect since June 1, 2018 .

Poets garden

Since 1984, poets and writers associated with the city of Munich have been honored in the park under the name Dichtergarten . The most striking facility is the poet's grotto in honor of Heinrich Heine , who lived in Munich in 1827/28 when he unsuccessfully applied for a professorship. In the grotto there is a bronze sculpture by Toni Stadler at a small fountain. The other artists are honored by statues. So far there is one by Fyodor Ivanovich Tjuttschew and since July 2007, to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the partnership between Shandong ( China ) and the state of Bavaria , a statue of the Chinese philosopher Confucius . In October 2010 a statue of the Polish composer Frédéric Chopin was ceremoniously unveiled. The bronze statue is the work of the sculptor Jozek Nowak and was donated by the Republic of Poland . The memorial commemorates the composer's short visit to Munich in 1831.

Debate about the concert hall at the financial garden

A long-standing cultural debate in Munich is the question of building another concert hall . The financial garden was repeatedly discussed as a possible location. The car park of the Ministry of Agriculture would be built over together with at least part of the western, flat area of ​​the financial garden. In December 2015, the Free State of Bavaria decided to build the concert hall in the Werksviertel at Ostbahnhof .

literature

  • Heinrich Habel, Johannes Hallinger, Timm Weski: State capital Munich - center (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume I.2 / 1 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-87490-586-2 , p. 213 f .

Web links

Commons : Finanzgarten  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The chronicle follows Süddeutsche Zeitung: Der Finanzgarten - checkered history, uncertain future , Friday, February 4, 1983, page 12
  2. ↑ Margret Wanetschek: green areas in urban planning from Munich , Franz Schier Meier, 2005, ISBN 3-9809147-4-7 , pp 35-37
  3. ^ A b Heinrich Habel, Johannes Hallinger, Timm Weski: Landeshauptstadt München - Mitte (= Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments [ed.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume I.2 / 1 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-87490-586-2 , p. 213 f .
  4. ↑ Gerhard Ongyerth: Munich Mountain Guide . Franz Schiermeier Verlag 2015, ISBN 978-3-943866-32-2 , p. 120
  5. ↑ Ordinance on the state park of Englischer Garten (southern part), Hofgarten and Finanzgarten in Munich of May 28, 2018, FMBl. No. 7/2018, pp. 50-54
  6. ↑ Alfred Dürr: How the new concert hall should look . In: Süddeutsche.de , December 11, 2014, accessed on December 14, 2014
  7. ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung: Munich concert hall to be built at Ostbahnhof , December 8, 2015

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 38 ″  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 54 ″  E