Ranks of the Soviet armed forces 1935–1940

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Personal badges of rank for land forces (army) and navy (1935-1940) were decreed according to decree 2590 and 2591 of September 22, 1935.

This referred in particular to commanders, commanders and management personnel, in the following management personnel , the Red Army of Workers and Peasants , in the following Red Army , published in order number 176 of the "People's Commissar for Defense of the USSR" on December 3, 1935.

State of play in 1935

Badges of distinction for management personnel should essentially contain two identifying features in accordance with the above-mentioned provisions. This was firstly the identification of the qualification, activity or military-specific specialization, depending on the armed forces, type of service, type of weapon or special troop and, secondly, the rank-specific or service-related identification according to the operational management level, competence or responsibility with regard to unit, unit, unit, association or facility.

On November 21, 1935, by decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the conferment of the military rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was ordered .

Military ranks

The military ranks according to the decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 22, 1935 are shown in the table below.

Land and
Air Forces 		Naval forces Equivalent for GUGB / NKVD
Teams and subordinates
Red Army soldier Red Sailor
(from 1946: Sailor ) 		no equivalent
Squad leader
Platoon leader deputy no equivalent
Staff Sergeant
Management staff / officers
lieutenant Serschant of the State Security
First lieutenant Second Lieutenant of the State Security
Captain Lieutenant captain Lieutenant of the State Security
major Corvette Captain First Lieutenant of the State Security
Colonel Frigate captain Captain of the State Security
KomBrig Sea captain Major in State Security
KomDiw Flagman II class Senior Major in State Security
KomKor Flagman 1st class State Security Commissioner III. class
KomandArm II Flagman of the 2nd class fleet State Security Commissioner II class
KomandArm I Flagman of the 1st class fleet State Security Commissioner 1st class
Marshal of the Soviet Union no equivalent General Commissioner of State Security

Further specifications

Further specifications for political commissars and military specialists, services and special uses, including cross -armed forces ( cross- TSK), are contained in the following table.

Political commissars of
all TSK 		Military technicians and engineers Military administration and supply of all TSK Medical service all TSK Veterinary all TSK Military jurisdiction all TSK
Land and
Air Forces 		Naval forces
no rank has Second class military technician Technical director, class II Feldscher Veterinary field scissors Deputy military lawyer
Political leader Military technician 1st class Technical director 1st class Oberfeldscher Senior Veterinarian Feldscher Military lawyer
Chief Political Officer Military Engineer III. class Intendant III. class Military doctor III. class Military Veterinary III. class Military Lawyer III. class
Battalion Commissar Military engineer II class Intendant II class Military doctor II class Military veterinary 2nd class Military lawyer class II
Regimental Commissar Military engineer 1st class Intendant 1st class Military doctor 1st class Military veterinary 1st class Military lawyer 1st class
Brigade Commissar Brig engineer Ing.-Flagmann III. class Brig Intendant BrigDoctor BrigVeterinary BrigMil Lawyer
Division Commissioner Div engineer Ing.-Flagmann II class DivIntendant DivDoctor DivVeterinary DivMil Lawyer
Corps Commissioner Kor Engineer Ing.-Flagmann 1st class KorIntendant Medical doctor CorVeterinary KorMil Lawyer
Army Commissioner II class Army engineer Ing.-Flagman of the fleet3 ArmIntendant Arm doctor Poor veterinary ArmMil Lawyer
Army Commissioner 1st class no rank has

1937

Further determinations were made in 1937. A basic regulation of the Red Army was issued for this purpose. According to section 10 of this regulation, military personnel were divided into the following grade groups according to career and employment .

  • Management personnel: this included the military politician, personnel of the military administration and the general offices , the medical service, the veterinary service and the military judiciary
  • Higher number of commanders : this included military personnel with the military rank of commander / commander
  • Simple commanding stock
  • Teams

Number 14 of this regulation contained so-called personal ranks or ranks according to the decree of September 22, 1935, after the amendments of August 5, 1937, according to which the ranks of sub-lieutenant and sub- military technician had been decreed.

1939

In the extraordinary session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (late August to early September 1939), among other things, a law on general conscription was passed and the ranks of Lieutenant Colonel and Battalion Commissar were introduced. An equivalent rank in the service area of ​​the naval fleet, such as corvette captain, was not provided.

Badge of rank

Example Colonel armored troop with insignia of rank large (coat), small (field blouse) 1940.

In December 1935, in accordance with the introduction of personal ranks, the introduction of defined distinction badges was also ordered for members of the military. Military personnel including political commissars, personnel of the military administration / directorate, medical services, veterinary services and the military jurisdiction of the Red Army now wore badges of rank as follows.

  • Badge of rank chevron : on both sleeves (just above the cuff)
  • Badge of rank, large : on both collar corners of the uniform coat
  • Badge of rank small : on both collar ends of the field blouse, the so-called gymnastjorka

Military members of the fleet, however, only wore sleeve badges (stripes and stars) on both sleeves of the uniform.

The badges of rank were made differently depending on the grade group and rank.

Commanders, senior commanders, and top deployments
  • Badge of rank, large (coat): on a rhombus-shaped base, edged in gold, one to four rhombus-shaped red enamelled pins, gold-colored Soviet star small / large
  • Badge of rank small (Gymnastjorka): on a rectangular base, outlined in gold, one to four rhombus-shaped red enameled pins
  • Sleeve badges (coat): one to four gold-colored chevrons, Soviet star small / large, an additional red angle
Eminent commanders and unit leaders
  • Badge of rank, large (coat): on a rhombus-shaped base, edged in gold, one to three rectangular, red enameled pins on the narrow side
  • Badge of rank small (Gymnastjorka): on a rectangular base, bordered in gold, one to three red enameled pins on the narrow side
Sub-unit leader
  • Badge of rank, large (coat): on a rhombus-shaped base, bordered in gold, one to three red enameled square pins
  • Badge of rank, small (Gymnastjorka): on a rectangular base, bordered in gold, one to three red enameled square pins on the narrow side
Sub-leaders and men
  • Unterführer:
    • Badge of rank, large (coat): on a rhombus-shaped base, one to four triangular red enameled pins
    • Badge of rank small (Gymnastjorka): on a rectangular base, one to four triangular red enameled badges
  • Teams: simple badge of rank large (coat) / simple badge of rank small (gymnastjorka)

Table of rank insignia for the Army 1935–1940

Generals

designation Commanders, senior commanders, and top deployments
Badge of rank Coat collar Red Army Marshal 1940.png Red Army ComArmy1 1940.png Red Army ComArmy2 1940.png Red Army ComCorps 1940.png Red Army Com Div 1940.png Red Army ComBrig 1940.png
Gymnastjorka Red Army ComArmy1 1940 col.png Red Army ComArmy2 1940 col.png Red Army ComCorps 1940 col.png Red Army ComDiv 1940 col.png Red Army ComBrig 1940 col.png
angle RA A F10Marshal SU 1940 chevr.png RA A F9ComArmy1 1940 chevr.png RA A F9ComArmy2 1940 chevr.png RA A F8ComCorps 1940 chevr.png RA A F7ComDiv 1940 chevr.png RA A F6ComBrig 1940 chevr.png
Rank designation Marshal of the Soviet Union Army Commander 1 rank Army Commander 2nd rank Commandant Corps Division commander Brigade commander
(Original name) (Маршал Советского Союза) (Командарм 1-го ранга) (Командарм 2-го ранга) (Комкор) (Комдив) (Комбриг)

Officers

designation Eminent commanders, unit and sub-unit
Badge of rank Coat collar on a rhombus-shaped base ,
bordered in gold, 1 to 3 pins as shown below 		None.svg
Gymnastjorka
Red Army Col 1943 h.png
 Red Army Polkovnik-1940 & Podpolkovnik-1943.png Red Army Maj 1943.png Red Army Capt 1943.png Red Army Lt 1943.png Red Army - Lt 1943.png Red Army Lt - 1943.png
Rank designation Colonel Lieutenant colonel major Captain First lieutenant lieutenant Sub-lieutenant
(Original name) (Полковник) (Podpolkownik) (Майор) (Капитан) (Старшйи лейтенант) (Лейтенант) (Младшйи лейтенант)

NCOs and men

designation Sub-unit leaders, specialists and teams
Badge of rank Coat collar on a rhombus-shaped base , one to four triangular pins None.svg
Gymnastjorka 1935-i-pg06.png 1935-i-pg05.png 1935-i-pg04.png 1935-i-pg01.png
Rank designation Company sergeant Platoon leader deputy Squad leader Red Army soldier
(Original name) (Старшина) (Младший комвзвод) (Отделённый командир) (Красноармеец)

Table of rank insignia for naval forces 1935–1940

Flag officers

designation Commanders, senior commanders, and top deployments
Sleeve badge Red Fleet 04 (1935-1940) .jpg Red Fleet 03 (1935-1940) .jpg Red Fleet 02 (1935-1940) .jpg Red Fleet 01 (1935-1940) .jpg RAF N F5CaptainNavy 1940.gif
Rank designation Flagman of the
1st class fleet		 Flagman of the
2nd class fleet		 Flagman
1st class 		Flagman
II class 		Commander
(Original name) (Флагман флота 1-го ранга) (Флагман флота 2-го ранга) (Флагман 1-го ранга) (Флагман 2-го ранга) (Капитан 1-го ранга)

Officers

designation Eminent commanders, unit and sub-unit leaders
Sleeve badge RAF N F4Commander 1940.gif RAF N F3LtCommander 1940.gif RAF N F2CaptainLt 1940.gif RAF N F1-1FirstLtNavy 1940.gif RAF N F1-2LtNavy 1940.gif
Rank designation Sea captain Frigate captain Lieutenant captain First lieutenant lieutenant
(Original name) (Капитан 2-го ранга) (Капитан 3-го ранга) (Капитан-лейтенант) (Старший лейтенант) (Лейтенант)

NCOs and men

designation Unit leaders, specialists & teams
Sleeve badge SNMR2403.png SNMR2402.png SNMR3601.png
Rank designation Staff Sergeant Squad leader Red sailor
(Original name) (Старшина) (Отделенный командир) (Краснофлотец)

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ranks and rankings “Red Workers and Peasants Army” according to Decree No. 2590 “Central Executive Committee of the USSR” and “Council of People's Commissars” of September 22, 1935. Further regulations and stipulations for land forces and navy were made in accordance with Decree No. 2591 .
  2. ^ Order number 176 of the "People's Commissar for Defense of the USSR" on December 3, 1935 on "Person-bound military ranks" of the land forces and the navy of the "Red Workers 'and Peasants' Army".