Dmitri Mikhailovich Karbyshev

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Dmitri Karbyshev

Dmitri Michailowitsch Karbyschew ( Russian Дмитрий Михайлович Карбышев , scientific transliteration Dmitrij Michajlovič Karbyšev ; * October 14th July / October 26th  1880 greg. In Omsk , Russian Empire ; †  February 18, 1945 in the Imperial Mauthausen concentration camp ) was a Russian officer Russian Army , Lieutenant General of the Red Army , professor of the Academy of the General Staff of the RKKA and posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union .

Life

Dmitri Karbyshev was the son of Mikhail Ilyich Karbyshev (1829-1892), a noble military officer, born in Omsk.

Russo-Japanese War

In the Russo-Japanese War Karbyshev served with the rank of Poruchik and took part in the Battle of Mukden , one of the largest land battles that took place before the First World War (with over 600,000 soldiers participating).

In 1906 Karbyshev resigned from the army and lived in Vladivostok , but returned to Saint Petersburg and the army in 1908 . In 1911 Karbyshev, who had meanwhile been promoted to staff captain , was transferred to Brest-Litovsk , where he was involved in expanding the fortifications of the Brest fortress .

First World War

During the First World War Karbyshev served in General Brusilov's 8th Army and took part in the siege of Przemyśl . For his bravery he was awarded the Order of St. Anne and promoted to lieutenant colonel. In 1916 Karbyshev took part in the Brusilov offensive .

Russian civil war

In December 1917 Karbyshev joined the Red Guard in Mogilev-Podolskij and in 1918 the Red Army , in whose ranks he fought in the Russian Civil War.

After the civil war, Karbyshev taught at the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow from 1926 . From 1938 Karbyshev was a professor at the Academy of the General Staff of the RKKA . In 1940 he was promoted to lieutenant general of the engineering troops.

Winter war

Karbyshev took part in the winter war between Finland and the Soviet Union in 1939/1940 and was involved in the breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line .

Second World War

Karbyshev monument by the sculptor Wladimir Efimowitsch Zigal in Mauthausen concentration camp
Memorial plaque in Mauthausen concentration camp

At the beginning of the German-Soviet War Karbyshev served on the staff of the 3rd Army in Grodno . Two days after the outbreak of war, Karbyshev joined the 10th Army, which was surrounded by the Wehrmacht on June 27, 1941. On August 8, Karbyshev tried to break out of the pocket. He lost consciousness in an explosion and was captured by the Germans.

Karbyshev was held in various concentration camps, including a. in the Hammelburg concentration camp , Flossenbürg concentration camp , Majdanek concentration camp , Auschwitz concentration camp , Sachsenhausen concentration camp and Mauthausen concentration camp . German generals offered Karbyshev several times to cooperate with the Wehrmacht , they hoped he would take over the leadership of the Russian Liberation Army . Karbyshev refused each time. He was murdered in Mauthausen concentration camp on February 18, 1945, and his body was cremated there.

In front of the main entrance of the Mauthausen memorial there is now a memorial in honor of Karbyshev, made by the sculptor Vladimir Efimovich Zigal .

family

  • Father: Mikhail Ilyich Karbyshev (1829-1892)
  • First wife: Alissa Karlowna Trojanowitsch (1874–1913)
  • Second wife: Lidija Wassiljewna Opazkaja (1891–1976)
    • Daughter: Jelena (1919-2006)
    • Daughter: Tatjana (1926-2003)
    • Son: Alexej (1929–1988)

Awards

Soviet postage stamp from 1961 in honor of Karbyshev
Russian Empire
Soviet Union

Honors

The asteroid (1959) Karbyshev of the main belt , which was discovered on July 14, 1972 by the astronomer Lyudmyla Shuravlowa at the Crimean Observatory in Nautschnyj , was named after Karbyshev.

Web links

Commons : Dmitry Karbyshev  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The indomitable General Karbyshev , aif.ru (Russian)
  2. ↑ Article about General Karbyshev on russianvienna.com (Russian)
  3. ↑ minorplanetcenter.net , Asteroid (1959) Karbyshev = 1971 DN1 = 1972 NB
personal data
SURNAME Karbyshev, Dmitri Michailowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Карбышев, Дмитрий Михайлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian Soviet general
DATE OF BIRTH October 26, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Omsk
DATE OF DEATH February 18, 1945
Place of death Mauthausen concentration camp