Dobergast

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Location Dobergast and the surrounding area around 1893

Dobergast was a former church village in today's Burgenlandkreis in Saxony-Anhalt . The place was about five kilometers east of Hohenmölsen . Between 1983 and 1984, as a result of the lignite mining, 285 inhabitants were resettled, the community was devastated and then completely dredged over. The deletion from the municipal register took place in 1985.

history

Dobergast was first mentioned in a document in 1100. The municipality was densely forested. The church shaped the center of the Rundlingsdorf . During the Thirty Years War the church was destroyed and only fully rebuilt in 1764. There were two bells in the tower, a small one from 1452 and a larger one from 1675. The church in Steingrimma belonged to the Dobergast parish . In the immediate vicinity was the Sommerweiß'sche Gut, a Vorwerk in the Electorate of Saxony . In 1789, 116 residents over ten years of age lived in Dobergast, including five vegetable farmers and 26 large farmers, with a total of 51 horses, 92 cows and 185 sheep.

After the Congress of Vienna , Dobergast was assigned to the Weißenfels district , which was part of the Merseburg administrative district of the Prussian province of Saxony , as part of the Prussian administrative reforms on October 1, 1816 . Around 1900 there were 230 people living in Dobergast. Until the middle of the 20th century, the place was characterized exclusively by agriculture. Up until then, the residents were mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. The fields of the community were considered to be extremely productive, as the loess soil was very fertile in the entire area.

After the founding of the GDR , various district reforms took place in 1950 , as a result of which Dobergast was assigned to the newly formed Hohenmölsen district in the Halle district on July 25, 1952 . It was only at this time that lignite mining reached a new dimension. The GDR almost exclusively used domestic brown coal to generate energy . The maximization of the production volumes led to the use of huge areas. Places that were in the coal fields were consistently dredged. The largest number of demolitions and resettlements in Central Germany therefore occurred in the time of the GDR. Centuries-old manors, churches and cultural monuments were destroyed, cemeteries desecrated, entire forests cleared, rivers and streams relocated, canalized or diked. The mining of lignite took place in the GDR with practically no consideration for people or environmental concerns.

As the first neighboring communities of Dobergast, Mutschau fell victim to the Pirkau opencast mine in 1957 , Köttichau in 1960 and Döbris in 1967 . The coal mining of this open pit was completed in 1969. At this time the decision was made to expand the Profen opencast mine in a southerly direction and to devastate the towns of Queisau , Steingrimma and Dobergast . A works railway from the Profen opencast mine to the Deuben lignite power station had existed since the mid-1950s. In 1984 the southern field of the Profen opencast mine reached the site. About 285 residents of Dobergast were mainly resettled in the newly created Hohenmölsen-Nord prefabricated housing estate. According to land registry law , the corridor of the municipality of Dobergast, which was devastated in 1984, was transferred to Großgrimma on January 1, 1985 . At the end of the 20th century, the decision was made to dig over this place as well, so that on July 1, 1998 the corridor from Großgrimma was incorporated into the town of Hohenmölsen.

According to the mine operator, coal production in the relevant Profen-Süd / D1 mining field will end in 2020. The post-mining landscape is then to be designed gradually by MIBRAG .

Aftermath

Contemporary witnesses stated that none of the villagers agreed to Dobergast's relocation. According to the reports, however, those affected were unable to counter the SED dictatorship . In particular, the farmers of the village, whose farms had been family-owned for generations, were reluctant to be forced to move without compensation. Many of the around 600 people who were relocated from the villages of Dobergast, Steingrimma and Queisau to Hohenmölsen-Nord never felt at home in the prefabricated buildings. Only a few found contact with long-established city dwellers. Some "newcomers" felt not only literally pushed to the sidelines by the locals. They lived in an emergency community, isolated and far from the city center. There were also Dobergasters who vehemently refused to move to Hohenmölsen-Nord and temporarily found a place to stay in the country, for example in Großgrimma, which later led to resentment and envious debates.

Various facts underlined that these statements were not isolated cases. When the opportunity was given after 1989, a large number of residents left the prefabricated housing estate. In a survey carried out in 1995, 60 percent of residents stated that they were not satisfied with their living environment. Only 37 percent of those questioned wanted to stay in Hohenmölsen-Nord, all the others at least considered changing their place of residence. In fact, the subsequent population decline was so severe that the Hohenmölsen city administration ordered the demolition of several prefabricated buildings in 1996, 2003, 2014 and 2017 . Many of the formerly resettled moved back into their own homes in the countryside. Ultimately, due to the continued decline in the number of inhabitants, it was firmly anchored in an urban development concept to carry out significantly more extensive complete dismantling measures of prefabricated buildings in Hohenmölsen-Nord by 2020.

The extent to which the people living in the region continue to identify with the destroyed villages in their area and how important it is to come to terms with the mining past is testimony to the walkways on Mondsee that were built in 2014 . They are dedicated to the people who had to leave their ancestral home due to lignite mining and who often still suffer from the loss of their old homeland. The walkways symbolically lead to 15 villages destroyed by the Pirkau and Profen opencast mines. Each village is identified by a stone slab with the name of the place and the outline of the village. The stone slabs are arranged to scale according to the map before the start of the devastation and connected to one another by a circumferential path. The area within the circumferential path is designed as a labyrinth of hornbeam hedges . Since September 2017 there are 15 metal steles next to the stone slabs . With a height of 2.20 meters, church towers protrude from the labyrinth and can be seen from a viewing platform and from a great distance.

Personalities

The religious visionary Johann Tennhardt (1661–1720) was born in Dobergast .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mitteldeutsches Braunkohlenrevier, Wandlungen und Perspektiven, Issue 19, Profen, p. 30. LMBV, accessed on March 13, 2019
  2. ^ Gustav H. Heydenreich: Church and School Chronicle of the City and Ephorie Weissenfels since 1539. Leopold Kell, Weissenfels, 1840, pp. 219-223.
  3. ^ Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung (ed.): Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Upper Saxony and the Upper and Lower Lusatia. Volume 2. Ulm, 1801, p. 753.
  4. ^ Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig (ed.): German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history. Edition 35. Akademie-Verlag Halle, 1984, p. 134.
  5. ^ State Museum for Prehistory in Halle (ed.): Annual publication for Central German Prehistory. Volume 77. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1995, p. 295.
  6. ↑ Resettlements: Political and Economic Conditions in the GDR Archive of Disappeared Places, accessed on March 11, 2019
  7. ^ Rolf Dieter Stoll, Christian Niemann-Delius, Carsten Drebenstedt, Klaus Müllensiefen: The lignite opencast mining: Significance, planning, operation, technology, environment. Springer, 2008, p. 442 f.
  8. ^ Carsten Drebenstedt: Recultivation in mining. Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, 2010, p. 130 f.
  9. ↑ Mitteldeutsches Braunkohlenrevier, Wandlungen und Perspektiven, Issue 19, Profen, p. 30. LMBV, accessed on March 13, 2019
  10. ↑ Student project Neue Heimat Hohenmölsen Kulturstiftung Hohenmölsen, accessed on March 13, 2019
  11. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, 1995.
  12. ↑ Area changes 1998 Federal Statistical Office , accessed on March 13, 2019
  13. ↑ Mitteldeutsches Braunkohlenrevier, Wandlungen und Perspektiven, Issue 19, Profen, p. 30. LMBV, accessed on March 13, 2019
  14. ↑ Student project Neue Heimat Hohenmölsen Kulturstiftung Hohenmölsen, accessed on March 13, 2019
  15. ↑ The resettlement of Dobergast's student project by the Hohenmölsen Cultural Foundation, accessed on March 13, 2019
  16. ↑ Großgrimma in the resettlement process of the Hohenmölsen Cultural Foundation's student project, accessed on March 13, 2019
  17. ↑ With the excavator comes the coal Focus from August 28, 1995, accessed on March 14, 2019
  18. ↑ Hohenmölsen land use plan of February 20, 2003 (p. 220 f.) City of Hohenmölsen, accessed on March 13, 2019
  19. ^ Urban redevelopment in Hohenmölsen Mitteldeutsche Zeitung from May 11, 2014, accessed on March 13, 2019
  20. ↑ Hohenmölsen shrinks Mitteldeutsche Zeitung from July 12, 2017, accessed on March 13, 2019
  21. ↑ Urban development concept of the city of Hohenmölsen (p. 77 f.) Homepage City of Hohenmölsen, accessed on March 14, 2019
  22. ^ Zeitz / Weißenfels. In: Central German Brown Coal District - Changes and Perspectives. Lausitzer und Mitteldeutsche Bergbau-Verwaltungsgesellschaft (LMBV) , December 2015, p. 13 , accessed on March 13, 2019 (Volume 18 of the series). ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.lmbv.de%2Findex.php%2FWandlungen_Perspektiven_Mideu.html%3Ffile%3Dfiles%2FLMBV%2FPublikationen%2FPublikationen%2520Mitteldeutschland20%2FWundand%2520Mitteldeutschland20%2FWundandand% 2Fdoku% 252018_Zeitz-Weissenfels.pdf ~ GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
  23. ↑ The walkways at the Mondsee Kulturstiftung Hohenmölsen, accessed on March 13, 2019

Coordinates: 51 ° 8 ′ 56.3 "  N , 12 ° 9 ′ 36.5"  E