Austrian dragon head
| Austrian dragon head | ||||||||||||
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Austrian scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum austriacum ) |
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| Dracocephalum austriacum | ||||||||||||
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The Austrian dragon head ( Dracocephalum austriacum ), also called Pontic dragon head , is a species of dragon head ( Dracocephalum ) in the mint family (Lamiaceae).
description
The Austrian dragon's head is a perennial , herbaceous plant or a dwarf shrub . It reaches heights of growth between 20 and 40 centimeters, sometimes up to 60 centimeters. The stem is simple, erect or ascending and densely leafed. The leaves are 1.5 to 2.5 inches long, pinnate almost to the middle and glabrous or slightly hairy. The three to five (rarely up to seven) sections of the leaves are linear to linear-lanceolate, with entire margins and prickly. Its edge is rolled up.
The usually two- to four-flowered whorls are arranged in a more or less dense spike. The bracts are in three parts. The cup is two-lipped and 15-annoying. The upper lip is two-lipped and helmet-shaped. The crown is 35 to 50 millimeters long. The anthers are hairy. The stamens are curved under the upper lip and almost as long as the crown. The branches of the style are equally long. The flowering period extends from May to August.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.
Spread, endangerment and protection
The distribution area of the Austrian dragon head extends in warm temperate Europe from the Pyrenees over the Alps to western Ukraine . It also occurs in the Caucasus and colonizes rocky slopes and dry grasslands. Occurrences in the countries Spain , France , Switzerland , Italy , Austria , the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Hungary , Romania , Ukraine, in the Russian Republic of Dagestan and in Northeast Turkey are named. Overall, the European stocks are classified as endangered and protected by the guidance in the Habitats Directive of the European Union and the associated obligation to designate protected areas.
The Austrian scorpionfish occurs in Austria in the federal state of Lower Austria and is considered to be critically endangered. The stocks in Italian South Tyrol are listed on the Red List as critically endangered.
The Austrian scorpionfish is listed in Switzerland as endangered ( VU ). It is listed as a legal protective measure in Appendix 2 of the Ordinance on Nature Conservation and Home Protection.
Systematics
Dracocephalum austriacum was first described by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum in 1753 . Synonyms for Dracocephalum austriacum L. are Dracontocephalum laciniatum ( Mill. ) St.-Lag. , Ruyschiana austriaca ( L. ) House , Ruyschiana laciniata Mill. And Zornia partita Moench .
use
The Austrian dragon head is rarely used as an ornamental plant for rock gardens.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 793 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (= Steinbach's natural guide ). New edited edition. Mosaik, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10558-1 , p. 202 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , pp. 506 .
- ↑ a b Vernon H. Heywood: Dracocephalum. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 161 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Dracocephalum austriacum L. In: Tela Botanica. Le réseau de la botanique francophone. Association Tela Botanica, accessed July 2, 2011 (French).
- ↑ Austrian dragon head. In: Botany in the picture. Flora of Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. Natural History Museum Vienna, accessed on July 2, 2011 .
- ↑ a b c Christoph Käsermann: Dracocephalum austriacum L. - Austrian dragon head - Lamiaceae. In: Christoph Käsermann, Daniel M. Moser (Hrsg.): Information sheets on species protection - flowering plants and ferns. Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Bern 1999, pp. 128–129 (PDF file; 724 kB).
- ↑ Directive 92/43 / EEC of the Council of May 21, 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive) in the consolidated version of July 1, 2013 In: OJ. L 206, July 22, 1992, Annex II, p. 37.
- ↑ Bernhard Frank, Frank Schumacher & Thorsten English: Species profile Austrian dragon head - Dracocephalum austriacum L. Ed .: Office of the Lower Austrian state government, department of nature conservation. St. Pölten 2015.
- ↑ List of protected plants. Appendix 2. In: Ordinance on Nature Conservation and Heritage Protection SR 451.1. The federal authorities of the Swiss Confederation, accessed on July 1, 2011 (listing of Dracocephalum sp., Dragon's head).
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . tape 2 . Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 595 ( online ).
Web links
- Dracocephalum austriacum L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Thomas Meyer: Drachenkopf data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )