Duboisia myoporoides
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Flower, fruits and leaves of Duboisia myoporoides |
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Duboisia myoporoides is a plant type from the genus Duboisia in the family of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). A common English name is Corkwood .
description
Duboisia myoporoides is a tall shrub or tree that can reach heights of growth of up to 24 m. Its bark is thick and corky towards the base. The leaves are narrowly inverted ovate to narrowly inverted ovate-elliptical, occasionally also narrowly elliptical. They are usually sessile or with up to 3 mm long petioles, are 4 to 15 cm long and 1 to 4 cm wide and are colored slightly different on the top and bottom.
The inflorescences are broadly pyramidal and are accompanied by 1 to 11 mm long bracts . The flowers are on 2 to 7 mm long peduncles . The calyx is 1 to 3 mm long, the length of the calyx lobes usually corresponds to a fifth to a third of the length of the calyx tube. The crown is 4 to 7 mm long, the corolla tube measures 2 to 4 mm in diameter at the tip, the corolla lobes are 1 to 3.5 mm long. Usually four, rarely five stamens are formed, which are 1.5 to 3 mm long. The pen is 1 to 2 mm long and only slightly shorter or longer than the upper stamens.
The fruit is a berry that is mostly spherical, rarely elliptical to ovoid and 4.5 to 8 mm long. It is purple-black and stands on a flower stalk that extends to 6 to 12 mm. The seeds become 2.5 to 3 mm long.
Distribution and locations
The species can be found in the east of Australia and ranges from northern Queensland to southeastern New South Wales , the species is also native to New Caledonia . It grows in areas with heavy rainfall on sand or clay, often found on the edge or in clearings of rainforests or in moist eucalyptus forests.
meaning
Since the leaves contain various tropane alkaloids, they are harvested for the production of hyoscine , which is used for medical products.
pharmacology
The plant is highly poisonous due to its alkaloids content . The highest concentration of active ingredients is achieved with up to 2% in the leaves. The composition varies depending on the geographical location. The main alkaloid is usually scopolamine (also called hyoscine ), rarely L- hyoscyamine (or a mixture of both called duboisine ). The main alkaloids act primarily on the antagonism of central and peripheral muscarinic receptors . Additional alkaloids are tigloidin (CNS sedative , bromide salt effective against Parkinson's in animal experiments ), valeroidin , poroidin , isoporoidin , norhyoscyamine , L-anabasine , DL-isopelletierin , nicotine , nornicotin , valtropin and butropin .
The ingestion of plant material leads to dizziness , tremors, speech disorders, psychological excitement , dilation of the pupils , nausea , vomiting , palpitations and cardiac arrhythmias . Lethal doses of the alkaloids lead to death from central respiratory paralysis . As an antidote for serious poisoning are suitable cholinesterase inhibitors such as physostigmine .
proof
- RW Purdie, DE Symon, L. Haegi: Duboisia myoporoides . In: Solanaceae. Flora of Australia, Volume 29, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 1982, ISBN 0-642-07015-6 , pp. 17-18.
- Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer, Kurt Kormann: Poisonous plants plant poisons. 6th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86820-009-6 .
