Dumarsais Estimé

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Dumarsais Estimé (born April 21, 1900 in Verrettes , † July 20, 1953 in New York City ) was a Haitian politician and President of Haiti .

biography

Professional and political career

After attending the primary school of the Christian Brothers in the port city of Saint-Marc and the Lycée Pétion , he completed a degree in mathematics . After completing his studies, he worked as a math teacher for some time.

He began his political career with the election of a member of the Chamber of Deputies ( Chambre des Deputées ). In 1937 he was appointed Minister for Education, Agriculture and Labor by President Sténio Vincent and held this office until 1940.

President 1946 to 1950

After the overthrow of the dictatorial regime of Élie Lescot , he was elected President of Haiti by the National Assembly for a six-year term on August 16, 1946. He prevailed against the former Colonel Démosthène Calixte, favored by Daniel Fignolé , because Parliament could not vote against the Estimé nominated by the military leadership around Major Paul Eugène Magloire .

As the first black president in several decades, he saw himself politically cornered from the start by the mulatto elite and the populist movement Mouvement Ouvrier Paysan (MOP) von Fignolé, whom he appointed Minister of Education. Fignolé's MOP urged him to advocate peasant populism combined with views hostile to foreigners and mulattos. It was through him that voodoo also gained its central importance.

In terms of foreign policy, the Inter-American Treaty of Mutual Assistance (Treaty of Rio) and the Charter of the Organization of American States (OAS) were signed on August 30, 1947 during his presidency .

Domestically, his term of office included the construction of irrigation systems for rice cultivation in the Artibonite department , the construction of a power station, the nationalization of Standard Fruit , the increase in minimum wages, the development of the model town of Belladère , the introduction of an income tax and the world exhibition for the 200th year. Celebration of the founding of Port-au-Prince by French sugar cane growers in 1949.

During his entire tenure, he was also exposed to increasing internal opposition and hostility from the neighboring state, the Dominican Republic , which ultimately led to the declaration of a state of emergency on November 15, 1949 , during which a petition on women's suffrage was rejected in March 1950.

Due to these events and the declaration that he wanted to run for president again in 1952, contrary to the constitution , the General Staff, consisting of Colonels Franck Lavaud , Paul Eugène Magloire and Prosper, presented him with a proclamation on May 10, 1950, in which his dismissal was declared .

He then went into exile in Jamaica . After another stay in France , he settled in New York City , where he died almost three years later.

Relationships with Duvalier and family

The later president and dictator François Duvalier , who he appointed to his government as minister of health and labor in 1949 , also belonged to his students as a mathematics teacher .

When François Duvalier himself became president four years after his death in 1957, Estimé's widow, Lucienne Heurtelou Estimé , called him the spiritual successor of her late husband. Duvalier appointed Lucienne Estimé, who was killed in an attack in 2006 at the age of 86, as ambassador in Brussels . Estimé's son Jean Robert Estimé was Foreign Minister from 1982 to 1985 during the presidency of Duvalier's son, Jean-Claude Duvalier .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "The New President" , TIME magazine August 26, 1946
  2. ^ Prosper Avril: From Glory to Disgrace; The Haitian Army 1804-1994 . Universal-Publishers, 1999, ISBN 978-1-58112-836-9 , pp. 95 ( Preview in Google Book Search).
  3. ^ "Uproar In Haiti" , TIME-Magazine September 19, 1949
  4. ^ "Paradise 1946" , TIME Magazine November 4, 1946
  5. ^ Haiti ( Memento of May 12, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ "Shod, By Order" , TIME Magazine February 2, 1948
  7. ^ "Black Magician" , TIME Magazine November 22, 1948
  8. ^ "Unparalleled Fair" , TIME magazine October 17, 1949
  9. ^ Martineau, Jean-Claude: "The Other Occupation: The Haitian Version of Apartheid" , 2005
  10. ^ "Fighting Words" , TIME Magazine February 21, 1949
  11. ↑ "Permanent Aggression" , TIME magazine January 16, 1950
  12. ^ "Ladies Day" , TIME Magazine March 27, 1950
  13. ^ "Again The Junta" , TIME-Magazine May 22, 1950
  14. ↑ "Madame Lucienne Heurtelou Estimé Morte Au Cours D´Un Hold Up" , KWABS NEWS, May 19, 2006 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kwabs.com
  15. ↑ Rulers.org: Biographical notes Jean Robert Estimé

literature

Web links

predecessor Office successor
Franck Lavaud President of Haiti
August 16, 1946-10. May 1950 		Franck Lavaud
personal data
SURNAME Estimé, Dumarsais
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Haitian politician
DATE OF BIRTH April 21, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Verrettes
DATE OF DEATH July 20, 1953
Place of death New York City