Paul Eugène Magloire
Paul Eugène Magloire (born July 19, 1907 in Quartier Morin ( Haiti ), † July 12, 2001 in Port-au-Prince ) was a Haitian general , politician and President of Haiti .
Life
Military career
After completing secondary education at the Lycée Philippe Guerrier in Cap-Haïtien , the son of General Eugène Magloire initially studied to be a teacher and then worked for some time as a teacher before joining the Forces Armées d'Haïti in 1930 . In 1933 he was after the military academy to lieutenant promoted and was as such in 1935 Deputy Commander of the Military District Cap-Haïtien. After he was promoted to captain ( Capitaine ) and commander of the military district of Cap-Haïtien in 1938 , he then completed a law degree at the School of Law ( École de droit ) of Port-au-Prince, which he graduated in 1939.
After ten years as an officer in a garrison , he was in 1941 commander of the National Penitentiary ( Pénitencier National or Grand Prison ) of Port-au-Prince . In 1944 he was first appointed police chief of Port-au-Prince and then promoted as a major ( commandant ) to the command of the armed forces of the Ouest department.
As such, he took part in the successful revolution of January 1946, which led to the overthrow of President Élie Lescot and the establishment of a military executive committee under Franck Lavaud . In the Provisional Government he held the office of Minister for Security and National Defense from January 11 to August 16, 1946.
When President Dumarsais Estimé intended to try to extend his term of office in 1950, he deposed it with the help of local elites and took power again for the military. Under Magloire, Lavaud was again chairman of a government junta on May 10, 1950. In this he took over the office of Minister for Security and National Defense again until October 8th. Despite his promotion to colonel , he left the junta and subsequently declared his presidential candidacy.
President from 1950 to 1956, exile and returned to Haiti
In October 1950 he was then elected President of Haiti with 99 percent of the vote and in the first direct election with 151,115 votes clearly prevailed against his opponent, the architect Fénélon Alphonse, who received only 2,000 votes. On December 6, 1950, he officially assumed the office of President.
During his reign, Haiti became a favorite destination for tourists from the US and Europe . His anti-communist stance also earned the respect of the US governments under Presidents Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower .
At the beginning of his tenure, he used the income from the sale of coffee to renovate cities, build roads and public buildings, and build a dam. He also campaigned for women's suffrage . On the other hand, he was known for his lavish social life with countless parties, social events and ceremonies. In February 1954 it was the cover story of TIME Magazine .
When Hurricane Hazel devastated Haiti and aid was stolen in October 1954 , its popularity began to decline. In December 1956 there was a dispute over the end of his term of office. Emerging strikes and demonstrations therefore prompted him to go into exile in New York City on December 12, 1956 and to name the President of the Supreme Court, Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis, as his constitutional successor in a radio address. However, this soon ordered the seizure and search of the property of Magloire. After François Duvalier was elected president on October 22, 1957, his citizenship in Haiti was revoked.
It was only after Duvalier's son Jean-Claude Duvalier lost power on February 7, 1986, that he returned from exile in New York. After Lieutenant General Henri Namphy came to power again on June 20, 1988, he became his unofficial military advisor for a few months.
A few days before his 94th birthday, he finally died in Port-au-Prince after retiring from political life many years earlier.
Awards (selection)
- 1954: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
- 1955: Special level of the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Web links
- Biographical notes in rulers.org
- Biography in Haiti Reference
- Politics And The Military, 1934–1957 . The Library Of Congress, 1989
Individual evidence
- ↑ Picnic Campaign . In: TIME magazine , October 9, 1950
- ^ "The Winner . In: TIME-Magazine , October 23, 1950
- ↑ Bon Papa . In: TIME Magazine , February 22, 1954
- ↑ Hazel (English WP)
- ↑ Au Revoir, Magloire . In: TIME Magazine , December 24, 1956
- ^ Coup d'état between Homburg and Haiti . In: Der Spiegel . No. 52 , 1956 ( online ).
- ^ The Take . In: TIME Magazine , January 14, 1957
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Franck Lavaud |
President of Haiti December 6, 1950-12. December 1956 |
Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Magloire, Paul Eugène |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Haitian politician, President of Haiti |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 19, 1907 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Morin District ( Haiti ) |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 12, 2001 |
| Place of death | Port-au-Prince |