List of invasive alien species of Union concern

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
European Union flag

Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1141

Title: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1141 of 13 July 2016 on the adoption of a list of invasive alien species of Union concern under Regulation (EU) No. 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council
Scope: EU
Legal matter: Environmental law
Basis: TFEU
Regulation (EU) No. 1143/2014 , in particular Article 4 (1)
Date of issue: 13 July 2016
Release date: July 14, 2016
Come into effect: 3rd August 2016
To be used from: 3rd August 2016
Reference: OJ L 189 of 14.7.2016, pp. 4-8
Full text Consolidated version (not official)
basic version
Regulation has entered into force and is applicable.
Please note the information on the current version of legal acts of the European Union !

The list of invasive alien species of Union concern was published for the first time by the European Commission on July 13, 2016. In this version, it contained 37 animal and plant species that were intentionally or unintentionally imported into Europe from other continents and that have spread out in the wild here with significant negative effects on the environment ( black list ). Species can also be included in the list that are not yet found in the European Union or are in an early phase of settlement and would most likely have very negative consequences due to their spread. They are seen as a threat to the conservation of European ecosystems and biodiversity . The list was expanded by 12 species in 2017 and another 17 species in 2019, so that the Union list includes 66 invasive species.

Basics

The nutria comes from fur farming and is naturally found near rivers and lakes.
The raccoon also escaped from fur farms or was resettled in order to “enrich the local fauna”.
The Ruddy Duck is a captive refugee . All specimens distributed in continental Europe are descended from a few pairs.
The marble crab is an asexually reproducing form of Procambarus fallax . The cancer is spreading worldwide, is considered to be the carrier of the cancer plague and displacing native species.

There are around 12,000 alien species (animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms) in Europe, only around 10 to 15 percent of which are considered invasive . Invasive species are those that spread rapidly and uncontrollably and have negative consequences for ecosystems and the associated biological diversity as well as other social, health or economic effects.

The list was published as Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1141 of the Commission of July 13, 2016; the list is based on Regulation (EU) No. 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of October 22, 2014 on the Prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species . The list follows Article 4 of this regulation, in which the European Commission required the creation of a common list ("Union list") (Paragraph 1). Only those invasive alien species that are relevant to the Union are included in the list. The Union list should be reviewed and regularly updated every six years at the most (Art. 4 Para. 2 Regulation (EU) 1143/2014).

Decisions about including a species on the list are made on the basis of evidence-based risk assessments. The evaluations must be carried out according to uniformly agreed criteria so that a single evaluation is sufficient for the entire European Union. The decision is then made by a committee consisting of experts from the member states and the Commission.

The member states of the European Union undertake to prevent the species on the list from being introduced into, traded, kept, bred or released in the EU. In particular, this also applies to zoos, which are still allowed to keep raccoons, for example, but which have to house them in an escape-proof manner and prevent them from reproducing.

The actual list can be found as an annex to the implementing regulation of July 13, 2016 and also contains CN codes (harmonized EU goods classification) to make it easier to check for import and distribution.

Only species are included in the list for which a prognosis of success has shown that inclusion in the Union list can actually prevent, minimize or mitigate the adverse effects. The species in question must be able to build viable populations in at least two member states. The expected damage or disadvantages must have been scientifically proven. Species that are invasive neobiota in some parts of the EU but occur naturally in other parts of the EU, such as the black-mouthed goby and other Pontocaspic goby species that occur naturally in Romania , are also not included in the list .

list

Animals

23 invasive animal species ( neozoa ) were placed on the list of the European Commission in 2016 , nine of them mammal species such as the Pallas squirrel, the gray squirrel, the fox squirrel, the striped chipmunk (Burunduk), the raccoon, the South American coati, the nutria, the little mongoose and the Chinese muntjac. The proportion of crustaceans is also relatively high, with six species, three bird species, two fish species, one turtle species, one frog species and one insect species.

The list was expanded to include three species in 2017, with the raccoon dog listing not coming into force until February 2, 2019:

In 2019 the list was expanded again:

plants

The throughgrown knotweed ( Persicaria perfoliata ) can be recognized by the almost triangular leaves.

The 2016 list also includes 14 species of vascular plants ( neophytes ) that are invasive in Europe :

The list was expanded to include nine species in 2017:

In 2019 the list was expanded again:

criticism

The list was heavily criticized in advance by both the European Parliament and the nature conservation associations. It is far too short and numerous important species have not been included. For the EU as a whole, it is assumed that around 1500 invasive neobiota are of the order of magnitude. Due to criticism from Parliament, the introduction of the list was delayed, but it was ultimately decided in the original version. A supplementary list of a further 20 species, which was adopted by the competent committee of experts from the member states formed in accordance with Article 27 of the EU Regulation, was ultimately not included.

The inclusion of species in the list was also opposed by user groups affected by restrictions. The Association of German Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture protested against the inclusion of crayfish species such as signal crayfish and crayfish in the list - although these are known to have brought the crayfish plague and otherwise completely displace native cancers.

Information about invasive animal species in the Heidelberg Zoological Garden.

The Association of Zoological Gardens (VdZ) resisted the expansion of the EU regulation to include zoo animal husbandry at an early stage: On the one hand, zoos are not a major cause of the invasive species problem in Europe and, on the other hand, zoos support the EU in its efforts to over-population educate alien invasive species. This is also proven by the European Code of Conduct on Zoological Gardens and Aquaria and Invasive Alien Species, adopted in 2012. The Central Horticultural Association has also criticized the list, although it is not currently affected because restrictions could possibly take effect in the future. The exceptions regarding keeping, but also transport, and the corresponding precautionary measures are regulated (Art. 8 (EU) 1143/2014, in particular the use of qualified personnel, monitoring systems and contingency plans).

See also

Legal source

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nice, but undesirable: 37 animal and plant species are banned from the EU . Spiegel Online Wissenschaft from July 13, 2016, accessed on July 13, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b c EU list of invasive alien animal and plant species. (NABU), accessed October 14, 2019.
  3. ↑ a b c Ordinance on the Prevention and Management of the Introduction and Spread of Invasive Alien Species. (PDF) Official Journal of the European Union, L 317/35 of November 4, 2015 (German version).
  4. ↑ Susanne Wegefelt and Myriam Dumortier (Commission coordinators): Invasive Alien Species - What is the European Union doing? Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg 2014.
  5. ↑ EU Commission attacks raccoons. news.ORF.at, July 13, 2016.
  6. ↑ a b c Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1141 of July 13, 2016 on the adoption of a list of invasive alien species of Union-wide importance (PDF) Official Journal of the European Union, L 189/4 of July 14, 2016 (German version).
  7. ↑ Stefan Nehring: The invasive alien species of the first Union list of the EU regulation No. 1143/2014. BfN scripts 438. Published by the BfN Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, 2016. ISBN 978-3-89624-174-0 . PDF
  8. ↑ a b List of invasive alien species of Union-wide importance (Union list) at the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation , accessed on August 26, 2017.
  9. ↑ Blacklist of invasive species moved. DNR Deutscher Naturschutzring, EU News, Thursday, April 21, 2016
  10. ↑ Claus Mayr (2016): Report from Brussels: Waiting for something new on the Habitats Directive and invasive species. Conservation and landscape planning 48 (5): 138.
  11. ↑ Reply to the BVDA's open letter against the EU regulation on protection from IAS, Crawfish Forum, activities accessed on July 29, 2016.
  12. ↑ EU regulation on invasive species comes into force - VdZ criticizes the intended ban on keeping zoological gardens - Association of Zoological Gardens (VdZ) eV Accessed on August 19, 2016 .
  13. ↑ European Code of Conduct on Zoological Gardens and Aquaria and Invasive Alien Species. Retrieved August 19, 2016 .
  14. ↑ First EU Prohibited List on Invasive Species. ZVG criticizes the approach and decision of the EU Commission notification of July 14, 2016