Cochineal red A

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Structural formula
Structure of cochineal red
General
Surname Cochineal red A
other names
  • Trisodium 7-hydroxy-8 - [( E ) - (4-sulfonato-1-naphthyl) diazenyl] -1,3-naphthalene disulfonate ( IUPAC )
  • CI Acid Red 18
  • CI 16255
  • E  124
  • Ponceau 4R
Molecular formula C 20 H 11 N 2 Na 3 O 10 S 3
Brief description

bright scarlet, lightfast, heat, alkali and acid resistant azo dye

External identifiers / databases
CAS number 2611-82-7
EC number 220-036-2
ECHA InfoCard 100.018.216
PubChem 17466
ChemSpider 11232342
Wikidata Q384709
properties
Molar mass 604.48 g mol −1
Physical state

firmly

solubility
  • good in water (> 120 g l −1 )
  • bad in ethanol
  • insoluble in vegetable oils
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases H: no H-phrases
P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Cochineal red A is a red, water-soluble, synthetic azo dye that is used as a food coloring (E 124). It is a surrogate for real Koschenille and has a structural similarity to amaranth (E 123).

properties

Cochineal red is a bright scarlet, lightfast, heat, alkali and acid resistant azo dye, which is easily soluble in water. It is stable against fruit acids .

use

Cochineal red is used for Spanish chorizo sausage, salmon substitutes , drinks, sodas, confectionery, fruit jellies, in jams and marmalades (up to a maximum of 100 mg / kg), in cheese coatings and as a colored coating for coated tablets. Artificial blood in film and theater productions also contains this dye.

Other products that traditionally contain or still contain cochineal red:

Cochineal red A is prohibited for organic products. Instead, they are z. B. colored with aronia juice concentrate .

Health aspects

In some countries such as the USA, Norway and Finland, cochineal red is classified as a carcinogen . Use in food is prohibited in the United States.

Due to the chemical structure (azo dye), pseudoallergies are suspected , especially in people who are sensitive to ASA or benzoic acid / sodium benzoate (E 210 or E 211). It is believed that cochineal red could be involved in causing ADHD , neurodermatitis and bronchial asthma .

Legal situation

In the European Union , cochineal red A is a conditionally approved additive for certain foods. With the exception of beverages with more than 1.2% alcohol, foods to which E124 has been added must also be labeled with the statement “May impair the activity and attention of children”.

In Germany, Cohinel Red A is according to the Additive Admissions Ordinance (ZZulV) for certain foods such as fine baked goods, confectionery or ice cream (up to 50 mg / kg each), candied fruit (up to 200 mg / kg), salmon substitute (up to 500 mg / kg ) or many drinks, approved for soups or meat analogues, but not for sausage - except for chorizo, salchichon, sobrasada and edible sausage casings. Therefore, the inadmissible, i.e. forbidden, reddening of meat or meat products such as sausage with E124, especially to simulate higher freshness, as well as the placing on the market of such products (without sufficient labeling) is a criminal offense.

In Switzerland, the use as a coloring agent for food is regulated in the Additives Ordinance (ZuV) up to and including the numbering of the categories, largely in the same way as in the EU. As with candied fruits (up to 10 mg / kg) or salmon substitutes (up to 200 mg / kg), however, the maximum permitted amounts are sometimes more stringent than under the German ZZulV.

On June 1, 2013, the permitted daily dose was reduced from the previous maximum of 4 mg / kg body weight to 0.7 mg / kg body weight.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry on E 124: Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A in the European database on food additives, accessed on June 16, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c d Entry on Cochineal Red A. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 11, 2014.
  3. ↑ a b c Datasheet Ponceau 4R at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 13, 2017 ( PDF ).
  4. ↑ Entry on cochineal red A in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) .
  5. ^ Imported Foods - Food and Color Additives . (PDF; 159 kB) FDA (English) accessed on October 29, 2013.
  6. ↑ Nutritional therapy ADHD. ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Association for Nutritional Therapy and Prevention (FET) e. V .; Retrieved August 29, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fet-ev.eu
  7. ↑ Art. 4 Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 16, 2008 on food additives, with Annex II.
  8. ↑ Reinhard Wolff: Brightly colored is unhealthy . In: The daily newspaper . July 19, 2010, p. 9 ( online ).
  9. ↑ Appendix 5 to Art. 24 Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 of December 16, 2008 on food additives (PDF) , accessed on November 16, 2019.
  10. ↑ Appendix 1 Part B and Part C to § 3 of the Ordinance on the Approval of Additives to Food for Technological Purposes (Additive Approval Ordinance - ZZulV). Additives that are approved for coloring food or for achieving color effects in food. Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection, accessed on November 15, 2019 . Maximum permitted amount in chorizo ​​of 50 mg / kg according to Annex II, Part E, Category 8.3.1. on Art. 4 Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008; Stricter maximum quantities than according to German law according to Part E, for example also for candied fruit (10 mg / kg) or salmon substitutes (200 mg / kg).
  11. ↑ § 6 Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 and § 59 Paragraph 1 No. 1 - no. 3 Food and Feed Code (LFGB) through the use of a non-approved coloring agent, furthermore in the event of a violation of the prohibition of deception in accordance with Section 11 (2) no. 2 LFGB according to § 59 para. 1 no. 9 LFGB.
  12. ↑ Art. 1a with Annex 1a and 3 Additives Ordinance .
  13. ↑ Controversial dyes in food are drastically restricted. Food Monitor, May 8, 2013, accessed May 31, 2018 .