Eaux Claires
| Eaux Claires | ||
 The Eaux Claires at the Moulin du Verger |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | FR : R3000500 | |
| location | France , Nouvelle-Aquitaine region | |
| River system | Charente | |
| Drain over | Charente → Atlantic Ocean | |
| source | on the municipal boundary of Torsac and Dirac 45 ° 34 ′ 57 ″ N , 0 ° 13 ′ 45 ″ E |
|
| Source height | approx. 108 m | |
| muzzle | at Saint-Michel in the Charente Coordinates: 45 ° 38 ′ 47 " N , 0 ° 6 ′ 12" E 45 ° 38 ′ 47 " N , 0 ° 6 ′ 12" E |
|
| Mouth height | approx. 27 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 81 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 5.8 ‰ | |
| length | 14 km | |
| Catchment area | 39 km² | |
The Eaux Claires is a river in southwest France that runs in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region . The river has its source at Prévalerie on the municipal border between Torsac and Dirac . After 14 kilometers , it flows into the Charente as a left tributary at the Chantoiseau district , municipality of Saint-Michel . The average gradient is 5.91 m / km.
etymology
The French noun Eaux is the plural of eau (water). The adjective clair means clear, bright, light, pure, louder. The eaux claires are therefore the pure waters .
Les Eaux Claires is a district of Puymoyen .
Crossed departments
- Charente , in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
Places on the river
Hydrography
The catchment area of the Eaux Claires, also known as Ruisseau des Eaux Claires or just as Les Eaux Claires , is 39 square kilometers with a total length of 13.7 kilometers and a difference in altitude of 81 meters. The river has no tributaries worth mentioning. Lateral dry valleys open on the right at La Boissière (municipality of Dirac) and on the left at Chez Boissard , La Turbine (municipality of Torsac) and Giget (municipality of Vœuil-et-Giget). The course of the Eaux Claires from the source to the mouth is relatively straight in a north-westerly direction (N 325 to N 327).
There are three water quality stations along the river - at Puymerle (municipality of Torsac), at La Couronne and at Saint-Michel.
geology
The source of the Eaux Claires lies in the flat layers of the Oberturon that belong to the northern Aquitaine Basin . The Oberturon, also known locally as Angoumien , is between 40 and 54 meters thick. At its base it consists of a 10-meter-thick limestone bar , which is designed as a clearly protruding layer step . Above it follow 25 to 30 meters thick sub-crystalline rudist limestone. The conclusion is formed by spherulite marls up to 6 meters thick.
Shortly before Puymoyen, the river meets Unterturon. The Unterturon or Ligérien is around 30 meters thick and is significantly less competent than the overlying Oberturon. It is made up of clayey exogyric limestone (5 to 6 meters), cephalopod limestone (3 to 5 meters) and slightly weathered, chalky limestone (20 to 25 meters). At La Couronne, the river leaves the Unterturon and then runs up to the confluence in layers of the Cenomanium . The 40 meter thick cenomaniac consists of 10 meters thick lower cenomaniac ( lignite clays, sandstones and green sands), 20 meters of middle cenomaniac (rudist limestone) and 10 to 12 meters upper cenomanian (clays, sand and rudist limestone). The Cenomanian transgresses on the Upper Jurassic , a tiny occurrence of which is just before the mouth.
The valley floor is filled with Holocene alluvium . The alluvium is up to 16.5 meters thick and contains 3.8 meters of peat at its base.
The influence of the last glacial periods on the slope formation can be clearly observed at Petit-Montbron . Dynamic landslides here reveal cryoturbation that has deformed a paleo-soil. The paleo-soil lies on Ligérien fragmented by frost and is in turn partly covered by the debris of the Angoumiens.
ecology
The valley of the Eaux Claires is made up of holm oaks ( Quercus ilex ) and already has a pre-Mediterranean flora .
Protective measure
Like the neighboring valleys of Anguienne and Charreau , the Eaux Claires enjoy a Natura 2000 protection status .
history
At the base of the escarpment of the Oberturons, which is usually scoured, have numerous rock shelters formed since the Mousterian were visited by people. The Abri du Liter , the Abri Commont , the Abri du Verger , the Abri de la Papeterie, but also the Puymoyen Cave and the Simard Cave are located in the municipal area of Puymoyen . The Castaigne Cave is located in the municipality of Torsac. All these deposits are among the richest prehistoric sites in the Charente department - in terms of their artefacts, their fauna and their human remains. 105 human remains were discovered in the Simard Cave alone. The finds come mainly from the Moustérien des Quina type and the Ferrassie type (Moustérien der Charente).
At the site of the Petit Puymoyen Cave in Puymoyen, the temporal bone of a Neanderthal man came to light.
The Abri Combe à Rolland in La Couronne yielded artifacts from the Aurignaciens and Solutréens .
Outdoor sites are Pont-Neuf in La Couronne with Aurignacien and Petite Courrière in Torsac with finds from the Gravettian .
Ceramic remains and shards from the Latène period III were discovered in the Castaigne cave. In Puymerle there were four sarcophagi , probably from the 6th century.
In the valley of the Eaux Claires, paper production developed very early , first on a manual and then on an industrial basis. The Moulin du Verger paper mill was already producing paper in the 16th century. The Petit Chamoulard paper mill was in operation between 1670 and the beginning of the 20th century. The Petit Rochefort mill processed cellulose paste between the 19th century and 1985 and produced cardboard for the Laroche-Joubert paper mill in Nersac .
In the middle of the 19th century, an enormous boulder collapsed in the river valley, from the material of which the school and the town hall could be built.
Climb
The lower Oberturon ( Angoumien ) forms striking steep walls made of Rudist limestone along the valley sides , which are known among climbing enthusiasts as the Massif des Eaux-Claires or simply as Les Eaux-Claires . In the municipality of Puymoyen alone, there are over 500 climbing routes (with French difficulty levels 3 to 9a) and 200 bouldering routes (difficulty levels 4 to 8a) on more than 30 walls .
Long-distance hiking trails
The valley of the Eaux Claires is crossed by several long-distance hiking trails :
- from the GR 4 from Royan to Grasse
- from the GR 36 from the English Channel to the Pyrénées-Orientales and
- from the GR de Pays Entre Angoumois et Périgord , which connects the Angoumois with the Périgord .
Landmarks on the river
- Moulin du Verger , a 16th century paper mill.
- Moulin de Combe du Loup
See also
literature
- B. Bourgeuil and P. Moreau: Angoulême XVII-32 . In: Carte géologique de la France at 1/50 000 . BRGM.
- Louis Duport: Les gisements préhistoriques de la vallée des Eaux Claires: le gisement moustérien de Torsac, grotte E. Castaigne . In: Bulletins et mémoires de la Société archéologique et historique de la Charente . 1966, p. 250 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b geoportail.gouv.fr (1: 16,000)
- ↑ a b The information on the length of the river is based on the information on the Eaux Claires at SANDRE (French), accessed on December 23, 2010, rounded to full kilometers.
- ↑ B. Bourgeuil and P. Moreau: Angoulême XVII-32 . In: Carte géologique de la France at 1/50 000 . BRGM.