Oak Lake
| Oak Lake | ||
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| The Eichener See at water level (June 1999) | ||
| Geographical location | District of Loerrach , Baden-Württemberg ( Germany ) | |
| Location close to the shore | Oak trees | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 47 ° 38 '41 " N , 7 ° 51' 44" E | |
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The Eichener See (popularly called Eiemer See in Alemannic ) near Eichen in the Baden-Württemberg district of Lörrach is a karst lake that only appears temporarily ( astatic ) .
The water-carrying only high groundwater lake lies in a hollow, a limestone - karst sink. It has no above-ground inflow, the outflow is partly underground and partly through evaporation .
Geographical location
The Eichener lake located in the Southern Black Forest in the north-eastern outskirts of the mountain range Dinkelberg between the near Schopfheimer district oaks in the west, the town of hazel in the east-northeast and the central city of Wehr about the southeast. It is located 2.5 km west of the Erdmannshöhle ( Hasler Höhle ) in a flat valley around 350 m south of the federal highway 518 .
Geology and hydrology
Geologically , it is a sinkhole that is temporarily filled with water , in which groundwater emerges, especially after the snowmelt or after longer periods of rain. In dry phases, the distance from the ground (difference in height between the groundwater level and the earth's surface) can be up to 40 m; the deepest point of the trough holding the groundwater is about 48 m below the surface of the earth. The background to the strong fluctuations are the cavities of the Dinkelberg, which consists mainly of shell limestone , which can fill up with water very quickly due to a groundwater retention, but only slowly empty again.
biology
The bed of the lake is overgrown by a grass- rich meadow community. This must not be grazed or fertilized during drought. The leaf pod Tanymastix lacunae from the order of the gill pods (Anostraca) lives in the lake . Drying out of the lake bed is essential for its life cycle . For Germany, this is the only secure site for its occurrence, in all of Europe only seven other secure sites are known.
history
The lake was first mentioned in a document in 1771, when five people drowned in it from a capsized boat. Also in 1876 and 1910 people perished in the lake.
The first scientific description is probably the article From a strange lake in the upper margraviate of Baden by Heinrich Sander , published in 1782 in the journal Der Naturforscher . The lake has been under special protection since 1939; since 1983, with a size of 3.75 hectares, it has been designated as a two-dimensional natural monument and also as a fauna-flora-habitat area of European importance.
Spatial and temporal expansion
In years with particularly high rainfall, the water level (visible above ground) can be up to three meters and the lake can reach an area of 250 m in length and 135 m in width (approx. 2.5 ha ) within one to five weeks . It can take eight to 160 days for all of the water that has emerged to disappear.
Appearance (selection)
- Mid-January 2011
- Mid-January 2012
- End of June 2016
- Mid-December 2017
literature
- Heinrich Sander : From a strange lake in the upper margraviate of Baden. In: Heinrich Sanders Kleine Schriften (edited by Georg Friedrich Götz), Vol. 1, Dessau and Leipzig 1784, pp. 324–328, on books.google.de
- Johann Jakob Schneider: The Eichener See. In: Das Badische Oberland , Lörrach 1841, pp. 130–132
- Johannes Rösler: "The Eichener See - natural wonders, myths and stories" AbisZ-Verlag 2017, 172 pages, ISBN 978-3-946666-02-8
Web links
- A lake appears out of nowhere - and disappears. In: Welt Online , February 28, 2012
- Wolfgang Faigle: The lake has reappeared. In: Die Zeit , No. 15, April 7, 1978, pp. 55, 56
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Natural monument reappears - Eichener See near Schopfheim has reached a considerable size. In: badische-zeitung.de , January 22, 2011
- ^ A b André Hönig: The Eichener See: A phenomenon that comes and goes. In: badische-zeitung.de , January 5, 2012, accessed on January 14, 2012
- ↑ dpa / BZ: The Eichener See is back. In: badische-zeitung.de , January 14, 2012
- ↑ dpa / BZ: The Eichener See is back. In: badische-zeitung.de , June 25, 2016
- ↑ twi: The Eichener See is back. In: badische-zeitung.de. December 18, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017 .