Population development of Essen
This article shows the development of the population of Essen in tables and graphs.
On December 31, 2016, the official number of inhabitants for Essen was 589,145 according to an update by the State Office for Information and Technology in North Rhine-Westphalia (only main residences and after comparison with the other state offices ).
Population development
An exact indication of the numbers from the Middle Ages onwards is not possible because there are no surveys such as later censuses. However, if tax lists are available, the number of inhabitants can be estimated. The heads of household are named in the tax lists, with research estimating four to five people per household. The number of heads of household can be extrapolated to give an approximate total number of residents. In Essen there are tax lists from 1380, but not continuously or regularly. The list of the year 1380 with around 660 entries therefore suggests around 3000 inhabitants. Up to the 15th century one assumes a fairly constant population, which changed in the 16th century. A tax collection to ward off the advancing Turkish armies in 1552 lists 734 heads of households, in 1580 already 937. This means that there were around 4500 inhabitants for the last year with four to five people in the household and taking into account the living laypeople within the monastery district . The Thirty Years War stopped this upward trend . An estimate for the year 1630 shows a decrease to around 3000 people again. Canon Biesten counted 821 houses in the Essen city area in 1775, which can indicate an increase in population. However, the estimates are made more difficult by the fact that often not only one family lived in a house, but that it was also rented out.
Until the 19th century, the population of Essen began to grow explosively due to strong influxes in the course of industrial development in the Ruhr area. The factories of Friedrich Krupp AG and the coal mining industry required tens of thousands of workers. Due to immigration of these, the population of the city exceeded the limit of 100,000 in 1896; Essen became a big city .
In the following years there were numerous incorporations into the urban district of Essen (the number of inhabitants in brackets):
- August 1, 1901 Altendorf (1900 = 63,238),
- July 1, 1905 Rüttenscheid (1900 = 14,735),
- April 1, 1908 Huttrop (1895 = 2549),
- April 1, 1910 Rellinghausen (1895 = 5275),
- April 1, 1915 Altenessen (1910 = 40,644) Bredeney (1910 = 8449) Borbeck (1910 = 71,106) and Pigtails (1910 = 1521).
In the census of December 5, 1917, a total local population of 470,606 people was determined. According to the economics department of the War Food Office, these included 8,984 military personnel and 6,830 prisoners of war.
On August 1, 1929, the Essen district was dissolved and its communities with a total of 164,755 inhabitants (civil status survey 1928) were mainly incorporated into the city of Essen. The largest municipalities were (the result of the census of June 16, 1925 in brackets):
- Kray (25,413),
- Katernberg (22,392),
- Steele 16,038,
- Stoppenberg (13,720)
- Copper turning (13,373),
- Become (13.201) and
- Schonnebeck (11,486).
As a result of the incorporation in Essen in 1929, more than 600,000 people lived for the first time. This made Essen the fifth largest city in Germany. In the census of May 17, 1939, 666,743 people were identified.
After a short but violent slump in the number of inhabitants during the Second World War (April 1945 = 285,192 inhabitants), the city continued to grow until 1962 due to a surplus of births that was recorded until 1967, and initially to 1958 with new arrivals. In 1962, converted to today's urban area, 749,193 inhabitants were counted ( Kettwig and Burgaltendorf were only incorporated later - in the former urban area there were 731,220), the highest population level had been reached.
In the course of the increasing closings of coal mines, however, thousands lost their jobs, which was initially not noticeable in the unemployment figures, but all the more so in the population balance. A steadily increasing number of people left the city. In the crisis year 1967 there were almost 10,000. Since then, with brief exceptions in 1975 (incorporation of Kettwig with 18,793 inhabitants) and at the beginning of the 1990s, the population has continuously decreased. In 1988, Essen was overtaken by Frankfurt am Main in terms of population. Two thirds of the population loss can be traced back to the persistent death surplus, the rest is due to migration losses. At the moment the migration balance is balanced to slightly positive.
In 2010, the city with 574,635 inhabitants was ninth among German cities and fourth within North Rhine-Westphalia . That means a decrease of 23.3 percent (174,558 people) since 1962. The trend continued to decline until 2011, as the death surplus reached around 2500 to 3000 people each year. Even with significant migration gains (which the city does not report), this led to a shrinking population. The population has been increasing again since 2012.
The following overview shows the number of inhabitants according to the respective territorial status. Up to 1813 these are mostly estimates, then census results (¹) or official updates by the city administration (until 1970) and the State Statistical Office (from 1971). From 1834 the information relates to the customs clearing population , from 1871 to the local population , from 1925 to the resident population and since 1987 to the population at the place of the main residence . Before 1834, the number of inhabitants was determined according to inconsistent survey methods.
From 1380 to 1870
(respective territorial status )
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¹ census result
From 1871 to 1944
(respective territorial status)
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¹ census result
Source: City of Essen
From 1945 to 1989
(respective territorial status)
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¹ census result
Sources: City of Essen (until 1970), State Office for Information and Technology in North Rhine-Westphalia (from 1971)
Since 1990
(respective territorial status)
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¹ census result
Sources: State Office for Information and Technology in North Rhine-Westphalia / official population of Essen
Population forecast
In its Guide to Demographic Change 2020 published in 2006 , in which the Bertelsmann Foundation provided data on the development of the population of 2,959 municipalities in Germany, a 6.3 percent decline in Essen (37,083 people) was predicted between 2003 and 2020.
According to a forecast by the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics in North Rhine-Westphalia, the population of Essen should decrease to 539,000 by 2025, which is, however, considerably more than was predicted for 2015 a few years ago. According to calculations at the time, the population should have dropped to 525,000 by then. The population has developed a lot more positively in recent years than in the 1990s, when several thousand people moved out of the city every year.
All (official) forecasts for Essen in recent years have forecast higher population losses than have actually occurred, as often only trends were extrapolated. There is some evidence that projected population losses will be significantly less over the next ten to 15 years.
In March 2016, Deutsche Postbank AG published a study conducted by Michael Bräuninger, professor at Helmut Schmidt University , entitled Housing Atlas 2016 - Living in the City , in which a population forecast for 36 major German cities for the year 2030 is carried out. It also explicitly takes into account the immigration in the context of the refugee crisis in Germany from 2015 . For Essen, a population decline of 3.62% is predicted from 2015 to 2030 despite the influx of refugees.
Population structure
The largest groups of persons legally registered in Essen with a foreign nationality (without dual nationality) came from Turkey (14,484), Poland (6,952), Syria (13,076), Iraq (5,367), Serbia / Kosovo / Montenegro (4,199), Lebanon (1,609), Afghanistan (2,504), Romania (4,652), Russian Federation (1,800), Morocco (1,338), Italy (2,924), Greece (3,000), Iran (1,863), Croatia (2,880) , China (3,247), Bulgaria (2,471), Spain (1,911), Nigeria (1,203), Netherlands (1,306), India (1,561), Ukraine (1,063), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1,248) and Macedonia (1,049).
| population | As of March 31, 2020 |
|---|---|
| Residents with main residence | 590.908 |
| of which male | 288,404 |
| of which female | 302.504 |
| Residents with German citizenship | 428.919 |
| of which male | 205.135 |
| of which female | 223,784 |
| Residents only with German citizenship in% | 72.6 |
| Residents with German and foreign citizenship | 61,888 |
| of which male | 30,986 |
| of which female | 30,902 |
| Residents with German and foreign citizenship in% | 10.5 |
| Residents with foreign citizenship | 100.101 |
| of which male | 52.283 |
| of which female | 47,818 |
| Residents with foreign citizenship in% | 16.9 |
Source: City of Essen - Office for Statistics, Urban Research and Elections
age structure
The aging structure is a special feature. Compared to other large cities, the aging of Essen's population is already well advanced. The number of younger people (under 20) is low, the proportion of older people (over 60) is already almost 30 percent (national average on December 31, 2010: 25.9 percent). For the next few years, the proportion of children and young people will only decrease slightly, and the number of senior citizens will continue to rise. These are the consequences of four decades of birth deficits and loss of migration, which are now making themselves felt with vehemence. The demographic change in the city of Essen is already ahead of the whole of Germany.
The following overview shows the age structure as of December 31, 2010 (main residences).
| Age from - to | population | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 0-4 | 23,367 | 4.1 |
| 5-14 | 48,562 | 8.4 |
| 15-19 | 28,928 | 5.0 |
| 20 - 24 | 35,477 | 6.2 |
| 25-29 | 36,621 | 6.4 |
| 30-39 | 69,036 | 12.0 |
| 40-49 | 89,236 | 15.5 |
| 50 - 59 | 81,585 | 14.2 |
| 60-64 | 34.193 | 6.0 |
| over 65 | 127,630 | 22.2 |
| total | 574,635 | 100.0 |
Source: State Office for Information and Technology in North Rhine-Westphalia
Townships
The population figures refer to December 31, 2016 (main residences).
| Surname | Area in km² |
of inhabitants number |
Inhabitants per km² |
|---|---|---|---|
| District I city center / Frillendorf / Huttrop | 15.59 | 67,780 | 4,347 |
| District II Rüttenscheid / Bergerhausen / Rellinghausen / Stadtwald | 13.41 | 54.204 | 4,042 |
| District III Essen-West | 16.41 | 98,703 | 6.015 |
| District IV Borbeck | 24.68 | 84.046 | 3,405 |
| District V Altenessen / Karnap / Vogelheim | 18.33 | 58.202 | 3,175 |
| District VI Katernberg / Schonnebeck / Stoppenberg | 13.01 | 52,414 | 4.029 |
| District VII Steele / Kray | 20.80 | 71,077 | 3,417 |
| District VIII Essen-Ruhr Peninsula | 33.36 | 51,929 | 1,557 |
| District IX Werden / Kettwig / Bredeney | 54.91 | 50,790 | 925 |
| eat | 210.49 | 589.145 | 2,799 |
Source: Office for Statistics, Urban Research and Elections of the City of Essen
See also
literature
- Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Dieterici (ed.): Communications from the Statistical Bureau in Berlin , 1848–1861
- Imperial Statistical Office (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook for the German Empire , 1880–1918
- Statistisches Reichsamt (Ed.): Statistical yearbook for the German Reich , 1919–1941 / 42
- German Association of Cities (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook of German Communities , 1890 ff.
- Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany , 1952 ff.
- Bertelsmann Stiftung (Ed.): Guide to Demographic Change 2020. Analyzes and action plans for cities and municipalities. Bertelsmann Stiftung Publishing House, Gütersloh 2006, ISBN 3-89204-875-4
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Monika Fehse: Essen. History of a city . Ed .: Ulrich Borsdorf. Peter Pomp Verlag, Bottrop, Essen 2002, ISBN 3-89355-236-7 , p. 183, 184 .
- ^ Anton Zischka : The Ruhr in Transition. Field of ruins or tomorrow's savior? Scharioth'sche Buchhandlung, Essen 1966, p. 62.
- ^ City of Essen, population statistics ; accessed on December 30, 2017
- ↑ Press release Deutsche Post AG: Postbank study "Housing Atlas 2016 - Living in the City": Where population growth is causing prices to rise , published on March 3, 2016; accessed on December 30, 2017
- ^ City of Essen: Office for Statistics, Urban Research and Elections: People in Essen Population on March 31, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2020 .
- ^ City of Essen - Office for Statistics, Urban Research and Elections: A look at ... people in Essen population on March 31, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2020 .
- ↑ City of Essen: Population at the location of the main residence in the city districts ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 4.1 MB)
