Eliane Karp

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Eliane Karp 2009

Eliane Chantal Karp Fernenbug de Toledo (born September 25, 1953 in Paris , France ) is a Belgian-US-American- Peruvian anthropologist and wife of the former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo . She specializes in studying the indigenous peoples of the Andes.

Youth and education

Eliane Karp was born in Paris in 1953 as the daughter of the Belgian Eva Fernenbug and the Polish textile merchant Charles Karp. Her Jewish father had fled the Gestapo and was a member of the French Resistance during World War II. She obtained her Baccalaureate at the Lycée Français Jean Monnet in Brussels . During her time at the Lyceum she was a member of the socialist-Zionist scout organization Hashomer Hatza'ir . Every summer she went to an Israeli kibbutz as a volunteer with friends from her group . In 1971 Eliane Karp went to Israel and did her bachelor's degree in anthropology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , specializing in Latin American studies . Eliane Karp received her Masters in Anthropology from Stanford University . She attended courses on indigenous peoples at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and did her PhD in anthropology and economic development at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru.

In Stanford Eliane Karp met Alejandro Toledo, whom she married in 1979. Their daughter Chantal Toledo was born in 1983. Karp went to Peru in the late 1970s to study its indigenous communities and learn local languages. In 1980 she began working for organizations such as the Organization of American States , UNICEF and the United Nations Development Program , for which she conducted studies on the impact of development projects on indigenous peoples. 1982-1987 she was a consultant at the United States Agency for International Development . Following marital problems, Elaine Karp left her husband and child and went to Brussels, where she worked for the European Investment Bank . In 1988 she moved to Israel and worked at Bank Leumi for six years . In 1992 Eliane Karp and Toledo got divorced. Alejandro Toledo visits her in Israel. The couple remarried shortly afterwards and she returned to Peru before her husband's 1995 election campaign began.

During her husband's bid for the presidency in 2001, Eliane Karp made a significant contribution to his campaign, which drew on Toledo's indigenous heritage. She wore traditional Andean costumes, activated Quechua voters and demonstrated the couple's bond with indigenous issues.

First Lady of Peru

From 2001 to 2006 Eliane Karp was First Lady of the Republic of Peru, as her husband Alejandro Toledo was elected President. During this tenure, Eliane Karp became Honorary President of the Development Fund for the Indigenous Peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean.

CONAPA

Shortly after Toledoa's inauguration, his government created the National Commission of the Andean, Amazonian and Afro-Peruvian Communities ( CONAPA ) of Peru, of which Karp became president. The agency should draw up a development plan for the indigenous communities, represent indigenous interests in the government and pave the way for constitutional reforms for the benefit of the indigenous people.

However, the ineffectiveness of the Commission was criticized. In the yearbook The Indigenous World 2002–2003, editor Diana Vinding wrote, “CONAPA has never been more than a place for dialogue between indigenous leaders and some representatives of various public spheres. It had no major implementation capacities, little representation in the government sector, no allocated public budget and compromised all honorary members. ”On the other hand, the regional director South America for Oxfam America Martin Scurrah pointed out that the agency had done a good job. He recalled that in addition to advancing a new chapter on indigenous rights in the new constitution, Eliane Karp "supported or defended indigenous initiatives in several cases."

Some critics saw the creation of the commission as a step backwards for indigenous Peruvians, as it was led by a person with no official government responsibility, rather than the head of a ministry. The Commission also incorporated the former SETAI (Bureau of Indigenous Affairs), which has reportedly resulted in a loss of autonomy and dynamism for that agency. Others complained that Karp's leadership of the commission posed a conflict of interest over its own private NGO, Fundación Pacha. Corruption and mismanagement are said to have prevailed in CONAPA. The representation of the individual indigenous groups was never guaranteed.

In 2003, Karp withdrew from CONAPA because of this criticism, which was subsequently restructured by a commission into a national institute.

Machu Picchu artifacts

During Toledo’s presidency, Karp participated in negotiations with Yale University regarding the return of over 350 indigenous artifacts to Peru. The museum pieces were excavated in Machu Picchu around 1915 and loaned to Yale for twelve months. Peru had the support of the National Geographic Society and Senator Christopher Dodd of Connecticut for this cause . Negotiations stalled when the university refused to regard Peru as the sole owner of the artifacts, but gave way under Alan García's presidency (2006-2011).

In a comment in the New York Times , Karp accused Yale of "sitting out Peru's first indigenous elected president" until Peru had a new leader "who is openly hostile to indigenous affairs". She also criticized the agreement between Peru and Yale, which was ultimately reached in 2008. Under the terms of the agreement, Peru must build a museum and research center at Machu Picchu according to Yale's specifications before receiving some of the pieces for exhibitions and research. Most of the artifacts would stay at Yale.

Fundación Pacha

In 2001, Karp founded the Fundación Pacha, a non-profit organization for monitoring development projects for indigenous Peruvians. The foundation should conceptualize and implement micro-projects to improve the living conditions of the indigenous population and achieve their integration into the democratic and economic institutions of Peru. Examples are a vaccination project against hepatitis B, yellow fever and malaria, the construction of a primary school, the basic equipment of clinics and the operation of a bakery. Karp remained the honorary chairwoman of the foundation until her husband left office.

further activities

After her husband's term in office, Eliane Karp faced violent attacks. She was accused of wasting money, embezzlement and nepotism.

Karp publicly criticized her husband's successor in office, Alan García, for attempting to dissolve the office for the people of the Andes, the Amazon and the Afro-Peruvians INDEPA. She campaigned for more women in the Peruvian Congress.

In 2011 she received honorary doctorates from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, Peru) and the Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (Lima, Peru).

In March 2012, Karp returned to Peru to take up teaching at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. In autumn 2012 she taught there in the postgraduate program for Andean Studies.

In 2017, she and her husband were searched around the world for suspected involvement in a corruption scandal involving Organização Odebrecht .

Works

  • El Perú invisible: en busca de los derechos indígenas en tiempos de democracia y globalización . Planeta, 2014, ISBN 978-6-12423069-1 (Spanish).
  • Eliane Karp de Toledo, Ricardo Calla, Luis Maldonado, Beatriz Paredes: Los pueblos indígenas en la agenda democrática: estudios de caso de Bolivia, Ecuador, México y Perú . Corporación Andina de Fomento, 2006, ISBN 978-99954-1-037-7 (Spanish).
  • Allin kausaynapaq: interculturalidad y participación: para vivir mejor con nosotros mismos . Compilation of speeches and lectures by the former First Lady of Peru Eliane Karp de Toledo in the Zeotraum 2001–2006. Despacho de la Primera Dama de la Nación, Lima 2006 (Spanish).
  • Eliane Karp de Toledo: La diversidad cultural y los ciudadanos del sol y la luna: propuestas para la inclusión social y el desarrollo con identidad de los pueblos originarios del Perú . Despacho de la Primera Dama de la Nación, Lima 2004.
  • El Tema Indígena en Debate. Aportes para la Reforma Constitucional . Despacho de la Primera Dama de la Nación, Lima 2003 (Spanish).
  • Hacia una nueva nación, Kay Pachamanta . Despacho de la Primera Dama de la Nación, Lima 2002 (Spanish).

Web links

Commons : Eliane Karp  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Eliane Karp  - Quotes (Spanish)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Beatriz Uberland: Don't cry for me, Peru. In: ynetnews.com. October 22, 2016, accessed February 23, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Jens Glüsing: PERU: Darling of the mountain gods. Behind the new President Alejandro Toledo is a career woman from Europe. Eliane Karp made the Indian a winner. In: SPIEGEL ONLINE. July 23, 2001. Retrieved February 24, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Luis Arce Borja: PRIMERA DAMA DEL PERÚ Eliane Karp: pasado y presente. April 1, 2004, Retrieved February 24, 2017 (Spanish).
  4. ^ International Seminar at ECLAC on: Latin America and the Caribbean's Indigenous People and Afro-descendents: Sociodemographic Information. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), April 25, 2005, accessed February 23, 2017 .
  5. ^ A. Kim Clark, Marc Becker: Highland Indians and the State in Modern Ecuador . University of Pittsburgh Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-8229-6146-8 , pp. 257 (English).
  6. ^ Diana Vinding: Peru . In: Diana Vinding (Ed.): The Indigenous World 2002-2003 . International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs, Denmark, Copenhagen 2003, p. 133 (English, iwgia.org [PDF; 8.6 MB ; accessed on February 23, 2017]): “CONAPA has never been more than a space for dialogue between indigenous leaders and some representatives of various public sectors. It has had no greater implementing powers, a low level of representation of the state sector, no public budget allocated to it and comprises all ad honore members. "
  7. ^ María Elena García: Making Indigenous Citizens: Identities, Education, and Multicultural Development in Peru . Stanford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0-8047-5015-8 , pp. 57 (English): "intervened on numerous occasions in support of or in defense of indigenous initiatives"
  8. ↑ Adrain Oelschlegel: What happened to the recommendations of the Peruvian Truth Commission? Konrad Adenauer Foundation, April 18, 2005, accessed on February 24, 2017 .
  9. ↑ John Burdick, Philip Oxhorn, Kenneth M. Roberts Palgrave Macmillan: Beyond Neoliberalism in Latin America? Societies and Politics at the Crossroads . Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, ISBN 978-0-230-61179-5 (English).
  10. ^ Neil Brodie: Yale University Machu Picchu artifacts. In: Cultural Heritage Resource of the Stanford Archeology Center. March 28, 2008, accessed February 23, 2017 .
  11. ↑ Eliane Karp-toledo: The Lost Treasure of Machu Picchu . In: The New York Times . 2008, p. A17 ( nytimes.com [accessed February 23, 2017]).
  12. ↑ Eliane Karp-Toledo. Curriculum vitae. February 9, 2011, archived from the original on February 9, 2011 ; Retrieved February 23, 2017 (Spanish).
  13. ^ Ana Núñez: Eliane Karp de Toledo: “Los medios yo no nos dimos tiempo de comunicarnos bien” . In: La República . 2012 (Spanish, larepublica.pe [accessed February 23, 2017]).
  14. ^ Eliane Karp: Doctora Honoris Causa. September 15, 2011, archived from the original on June 29, 2012 ; Retrieved February 24, 2017 (Spanish).
  15. ↑ UNIVERSIDAD GARCILASO OTORGÓ HONORIS CAUSA A EX PRIMERA DAMA ELIANE KARP. Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, February 18, 2011, archived from the original on July 2, 2012 ; Retrieved February 24, 2017 (Spanish).
  16. ↑ Eliane Karp vuelve al Perú a enseñar curso de maestría en Universidad Católica . In: La República . 2012 (Spanish, larepublica.pe [accessed February 23, 2017]).
  17. ↑ Calling Donald Trump. Peru is chasing its ex-president Toledo. n-tv, February 13, 2017, accessed on February 24, 2017 .
  18. ↑ Eliane Karp, esposa de Toledo, se halla en California, según fotografía revelada en Twitter. In: La República. February 10, 2017, Retrieved February 24, 2017 (Spanish).
personal data
SURNAME Karp, Eliane
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Toledo, Eliane Chantal Karp Fernenbug de (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Belgian-US-Peruvian anthropologist, wife of former Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo
DATE OF BIRTH September 25, 1953
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris , France