Emanuel Martig

Hofwil in the 19th century

Emanuel Martig (born June 27, 1839 in Lenk ; † February 19, 1906 in Bern , Canton Bern ) was a Reformed Swiss pastor and educator.

Life

Martig was born in Lenk in 1839 as the son of David Martig and Elisabeth Burren. He was a citizen of St. Stephan BE . From he studied theology at the University of Bern . From 1873 to 1880 he was pastor in Brienz , Huttwil and Münchenbuchsee .

Teachers' seminar at Schloss Münchenbuchsee, 1850

From 1880 to 1905 he headed the Bern teachers' seminar in Schloss Münchenbuchsee and in Hofwil .

By 1850 the clashes between conservatives and liberals over the state teacher training college had become less frequent. The new Evangelical Seminary Muristalden was not a competition, as it needed both institutions to meet the great need for teachers. Because it was getting too tight in the castle, the canton bought the "Big House" and other parts of the former Fellenberg estate in Hofwil in 1884. After the "Big House" had been structurally adapted to accommodate the seminar, the headquarters of the Bernese teachers' seminar was relocated to Hofwil in 1884.

In 1903 the Grand Council decided to enlarge the seminar and at the same time to split it into a sub-seminar in Hofwil (both lower years) and an upper-level seminar in Bern (both upper year). The Oberseminar should no longer be a boarding school, so that future teachers would have easier access to the cultural institutions and the way of life in the city.

When the reorganized seminar opened in autumn 1905, Martig resigned for reasons of age.

" Now that the great difficulties have been happily overcome, the many obstacles removed and the organizational work finished, I can calmly step back because I have the certainty that teacher training can continue to develop prosperously on the path that is now free and leveled ."

- Emanuel Martig

plant

At that time Martig was able to implement a well thought-out training concept in three and a half years of training with 30 seminarians per class and with scarce resources. His core elements of teacher training were the vocational subjects: general pedagogy, history of pedagogy, psychology, methodology, school studies and the practical exercises in the practice school. In order to be able to teach these subjects himself, he had to develop the pedagogical knowledge of his time and adapt it to the comprehension of his seminarians while keeping an eye on the needs of the elementary school.

In his report on the Hofwyl seminar for the years 1885 to 1888, Martig gave an account of how lessons had been structured in the three years since the move from Schloss Münchenbuchsee and what had been dealt with in the individual subjects. Martig paid attention to the interplay of general and vocational elements in all subjects. A practical teacher should not only be characterized by great routine in a certain method, but he should also have a thorough scientific training so that he could also penetrate the subject matter to be taught thinking.

With the experiences from his teaching he wrote three textbooks: Visual Psychology 1888, Textbook of Pedagogy for Teachers' Seminars and Self-Teaching 1890, History of Pedagogy in Its Basics 1901. He was the author of an award-winning textbook for religious instruction in elementary schools.

The French-language version of his textbook on pedagogy ( Manuel d'enseignement pour les écoles et les collèges ), published in Geneva in 1876, was indexed by decree of the Roman Catholic Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith of July 1, 1878 .

Fonts

• with Grossrath Bütigkofer: The reorganization of the elementary school system in the canton of Bern . Without a place, 1882.
• Report on the Hofwyl seminar, in the annual report on the Hofwyl and Pruntrut teacher training institutes for the school year 1884/85 . Bern 1886
• Visual psychology with application to education: for teacher seminars as well as for self-teaching . Schmid & Francke Verlag, Bern 1888 (8th editions until 1911)
• Report on the Hofwyl seminar for the years 1885–1888 . Bern 1889.
• Pedagogy textbook for teacher seminars and for self-teaching , 1890.
• History of pedagogy in its basic features with special consideration of the elementary school, together with an appendix on the development of the elementary school system in Switzerland. For teacher seminars and self-teaching . Schmid & Francke, Bern 1901. Reprint Kessinger Publishing 2010, ISBN 978-1168590916
• History of the Bern teachers' college in Hofwil and Bern from 1883 to 1905 . Bern 1905.
• Instructions in Christian doctrine based on biblical passages. Verlag Francke, Bern 1913, 19th edition

literature

• Lucien Criblez: The reform of teacher training in the canton of Bern in the context of developments throughout Switzerland . University of Zurich, 2016.
• Hans-Ulrich Grunder: Seminar reform and reform pedagogy. Verlag Peter Lang, Bern 1993. ISBN 3-906750-43-4
• Arnold Jaggi: The German teacher training college of the canton of Bern (1833-1933) . Festschrift for its centenary. State publishing house for teaching materials, Bern 1933.
• Roland Petitmermet: The predicants since the Reformation , 1982, 20 f.
• Katharina Kellerhals: The good pupil was also a girl in the past: school legislation, subjects and gender in the elementary school of the canton of Bern 1835–1897 . Haupt Verlag, Bern 2010, ISBN 978-3-258-07603-4

Web links

• Hans-Ulrich Grunder: Martig, Emanuel. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
• Homepage of the Hofwil grammar school

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Emanuel Martig: History of the Bern teachers' college in Hofwil and Bern from 1883 to 1905. Bern 1905
2. ↑ Emanuel Martig: Report on the Hofwyl seminar for the years 1885–1888. Bern 1889
3. ^ Rudolf Meyer: Teacher pictures and teacher training in Hofwil. . 2009
4. ↑ Jesús Martínez de Bujanda , Marcella Richter: Index des livres interdits: Index librorum prohibitorum 1600–1966 . Médiaspaul, Montréal 2002, ISBN 2-89420-522-8 , pp. 592 (French, Google digitized version ).
5. ↑ Lucien Criblez: 10 years PH Bern. University of Zurich 2016