Emil Kirdorf (ship)
 The Emil Kirdorf
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg){kind=small}
The Emil Kirdorf was the type ship of a class of four combi ships of the shipping company Hugo Stinnes, AG für Seeschiffahrt & Überseehandel for a planned East Asia service. Hugo Stinnes placed the order for the four ships with the Reichsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven in order to secure jobs there. The ships put into service in 1922/23 came to Hapag with the shipping company in 1926 and were put into service on the west coast of South America from 1927. In 1932/33 Hapag sold the four ships to Romania .
The ship was at the Romanian state shipping Serviciul Maritim Român in Ardeal renamed and on the lines of the shipping company in the sea Black and the Mediterranean used. In World War II the Soviet submarine torpedierte A-5 the Ardeal before Odessa in position : Coordinate 46 ° 32 '0 " N , 30 ° 56' 0" O .
The wreck that was stranded was repaired in Odessa after the end of the war. In 1948 it was returned to Romania, where it was used until 1962.
History of the ship
With the Emil Kirdorf and its three sister ships, the Stinnes shipping company ordered newbuildings with a passenger facility for the first time, as no suitable second-hand ships were available. For patriotic reasons, the contract went to the former imperial shipyard in Wilhelmshaven , which was threatened with unemployment and had never built merchant ships. The four ships were also to remain the shipyard's only newly built merchant ships. The ships were intended for a liner service to East Asia, with which Stinnes also competed with the large German shipping companies in this trade area after the Central and South America services.
The 5700 GRT ships were given a passenger facility for 50 first class passengers and thus exceeded the offer of the large shipping companies. The Hapag had the motor vessels of Havelland class with up to 18 passengers and only in 1924 with the turbine ship Saarland and the motor ship Vogtland about ships with a similar passenger capacity. The North German Lloyd , however, continued with the usually scheduled for the South America service twin-screw steamers Weser and Werra considerably larger vessels, which in 1924 were replaced by four sister ships for the East Asia service, which, however, all six only II. And III. Class led.
The Stinnes newbuildings were relatively small combination ships with a load capacity of almost 8,000 t, with a chimney and two masts. The first ship of the order with hull number 66 was launched on February 25, 1922 and was named Emil Kirdorf after the leader of the German coal industry with whom Hugo Stinnes had quite a conflict and who later became an important supporter of the National Socialists (* 1847; † 1938). Driven by an oil-fired 3-cylinder triple expansion machine with a total output of 2000 PSi, the 72-man crew operated the steamer 11 knots. There was space for up to 74 passengers in the bridge structure. The new building was 129.1 m long and 14.95 m wide. The Emil Kirdorf was measured with 5708 GRT and had a carrying capacity of 7980 dwt. The naval shipyard manufactured the three sister ships almost identically, after the union official Carl Legien (1861-1920), the chemist and Nobel Prize winner Adolf von Baeyer (1835-1917) as well the steel industrialist Albert Vögler (1877–1945) were named.
The Emil Kirdorf was delivered on August 2, 1922. On November 2, 1922, she left Hamburg on her maiden voyage to Yokohama. Her sister ships were completed by June 1923 and also put into service.
During their period of use, the propulsion system of the combination ships , which are quite slow at 11 knots, was reinforced by the installation of an exhaust steam turbine in 1928/29, which increased the output to 3000 PSi and enabled the ships to travel 12 knots. This conversion was first carried out in 1928 on the type ship Emil Kirdorf near the Vulcan in Hamburg. In the following year, the sister ships were also converted in this way.
Calls
The Stinnes shipping company opened its East Asia service on October 14, 1922 with the freighter Hindenburg , which was then followed by Emil Kirdorf on its maiden voyage. The new ships, together with the large cargo ships carrying 12,000 tdw with small passenger facilities, Havenstein , Ludendorff , Tirpitz and the Danzig flag, Oliva, ran a line with monthly departures from Hamburg to East Asia. In August 1925, the Emil Kirdorf caused a sensation when the copra charge ignited on the return voyage between Colombo and Aden and the crew managed to extinguish the fire after five days without outside help and the ship at the same time, after giving an SOS call riding a heavy storm.
The line received further newbuildings in early 1926 with the motor-cargo ships Rhein and Ruhr , built in Bremen , which ran 12 knots and offered space for up to 27 passengers.
The Stinnes shipping company had been in trouble since Hugo Stinnes' death in May 1924 because the heirs did not want to continue the business on the previous scale. It was sold to Deutsch-Austral and Kosmos-Linien in January 1926 , but continued independently in the new group. On November 26, 1926, the Austral Kosmos group merged with Hapag. Thus came Emil Kirdorf and her sisters to East Asia service of Hapag that despite the formal continuance of the old shipping lines Steam Ship Company German-Australian (DADG), German steamship company Kosmos (DDG Kosmos) and Stinnes line led all passenger services as separate services.
With the takeover of new and faster motor-driven combi ships in the East Asian service from 1928 (see Kulmerland and its sister ships ), Hapag withdrew the Emil Kirdorf and its sister ships from the East Asian service and deployed them on the old Kosmos lines to the South American west coast. In September 1927, the Carl Legien was the first of the Stinnes combination ships to be used in this trading area. As the second ship of the class, the Adolf von Baeyer was deployed on this route in July 1928, which was followed by the other two sister ships in 1929. The ships remained in service on the west coast until they were sold abroad in 1933. Emil Kirdorf , who was deployed there from 1929, made her last trip under the German flag to Chile in early 1932.
Under the Romanian flag
The Emil Kirdorf was the first of the four sister ships to arrive in Romania at the end of 1932, where she was renamed Ardeal and used by the Romanian state shipping company Serviciul Maritim Român on the Black Sea and the Mediterranean with day guests.
When Romania joined the Second World War on the Axis Powers' side in 1941 , the Ardeal and her sister ships were in the Black Sea and were among the largest transport ships on the side of the attackers of the Soviet Union . They were the main targets of the remaining Soviet submarines , which successfully attacked three of the ships.
The Ardeal was the second of the ships to be torpedoed by a Soviet submarine on June 11, 1942. The Ardeal attacked by A 5 off Odessa had a cargo of replacement goods for the German Air Force on board, which were to be brought closer to the front. It was possible to beach the torpedoed ship, but it was only possible for Soviet specialists to recover the ship after the end of the war. The ship, which was repaired in Odessa , was returned to the Romanian state shipping company in 1948. Used by this until 1962, the Ardeal ex Emil Kirdorf was scrapped in 1962 as the last ship of the class in Romania.
The Alba Iulia ex Carl Legien had a similar fate, which was badly damaged by Soviet air raids during the evacuation of the Crimea in April 1944 and was no longer operational. It was repaired by the Soviet Union from autumn 1944 and was used again under the Soviet flag as Nikolayev from 1946 . It was scrapped in 1959.
Suceava ex Albert Vögler , sunk in April 1943 by the Soviet submarine S 33 , was lifted after the end of the war, but immediately scrapped.
The Peles ex Adolf von Baeyer, which was sunk by the Soviet submarine SC 211 near the Bulgarian coast in August 1941, lies as a wreck at its sinking site.
The ships of the Emil Kirdorf class
Developed at the naval shipyard in Wilhelmshaven with the construction no. 66-69:
| Names | Launch | in service | Romania | fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Emil Kirdorf Ardeal |
02/25/1922 | 08/02/1922 | 1932 | 1928 exhaust steam turbine, 1929 1st voyage to Chile, torpedoed June 11, 1942, back in service from 1948 to 1962 |
|
Carl Legien Alba Iulia |
05/20/1922 | December 16, 1922 | 03/23/1933 | 9.1927 first trip to Chile in 1929 Abdampfturbine, sunk April 18, 1944 by air attack, from 1946 to 1959 when Soviet Nikolayev back on track |
|
Adolf von Baeyer Peles |
10/14/1922 | 02/27/1923 | 02/22/1933 | 7.1928 1st trip to Chile, 1929 exhaust steam turbine, 14 August 1941 sunk by submarine SHCH-211 with two torpedoes, |
|
Albert Vögler Suceava |
03/23/1923 | 06/13/1923 | 5.04.1933 | 1929 exhaust steam turbine, 1929 1st voyage to Chile, sunk April 20, 1943 by submarine S-33, |
Individual evidence
- ^ Kludas: passenger shipping . Vol. IV: Annihilation and Rebirth 1914–1930. P. 180.
- ↑ Schmelzkopf: The German Merchant Shipping 1919–1939. P. 49.
- ^ Kludas: passenger shipping . Vol. IV, p. 162.
- ^ Kludas: passenger shipping . Vol. IV, pp. 166, 138.
- ^ Kludas: passenger shipping . Vol. IV, p. 166.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Kludas: Passenger shipping . Vol. IV, p. 178.
- ↑ a b c Kludas: passenger shipping . Vol. IV, p. 182.
- ↑ melt head, p. 79.
- ^ Kludas: passenger shipping . Vol. IV, p. 187.
- ^ Kludas: passenger shipping . Vol. IV, p. 191.
- ↑ sinking of the Peles
- ↑ Sinking the Suceava
Web links
literature
- Roger Jordan: The World's Merchant Fleets 1939. Annapolis 2006, ISBN 1-5911-4959-2 .
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping. Volume 4: Destruction and rebirth 1914 to 1930. Ernst Kabel Verlag, Hamburg 1988, writings of the German Maritime Museum Volume 21.
- Claus Rothe: German ocean passenger ships 1919 to 1985. Steiger Verlag, 1987, ISBN 3-921564-97-2 .
- Reinhardt Schmelzkopf: The German Merchant Shipping 1919–1939. Publishing Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg 1974, ISBN 3 7979 1847 X .