Enderbyland
Coordinates: 67 ° 30 ′ 0 ″ S , 53 ° 0 ′ 0 ″ E
The Enderbyland ( English Enderby Land ) is a region in East Antarctica .
geography
The Enderbyland is located in the eastern part of the Antarctic continent and borders in the east in the area of the Crown Prince Olav Coast on Queen Maud Land and in the west on the Kemp coast of Mac Robertson Land . The coast stretches for several 100 km from Shinnan Glacier at 44 ° 38 'E to William Scoresby Bay at 59 ° 34' E.
The northern border forms the coast on the Southern Ocean in the area of the Indian Ocean , towards the south - i.e. in the direction of the South Pole - there is no clearly defined border. The Enderbyland stands out from the neighboring regions in East Antarctica in that it protrudes relatively far into the ocean like a peninsula (up to north 66 ° S). Cape Borley forms the most exposed part of the coast ; the most important sea bays are - from west to east - Casey Bay , Amundsen Bay and Edward VIII Bay . There are some islands off the coast of Enderbyland, of which the 20 km long White Island ( 66 ° 44 ′ S , 48 ° 35 ′ E ) , discovered in 1930, is the most important. The highest point is Mount McMaster, 2830 m high ( 66 ° 47 ′ S , 51 ° 58 ′ E ).
geology
Like the rest of East Antarctica, Enderbyland is one of the geologically oldest cratons on earth and was possibly part of the first supercontinent, Ur . For the first time a previously unknown type of rock, the enderbit , which is now named after the region , was found there.
history
The coast of the region was discovered in February 1831 by the English navigator John Biscoe on board the Tula . He named the area after the Enderby brothers, the owners of the London whaling company Samuel Enderby & Sons , in whose service he was. Today Australia raises territorial claim ( Australian Antarctic Territory ) to the Enderbyland; However, due to the validity of the Antarctic Treaty, this is not recognized internationally.
In 1962 the Soviet Union built the year-round station Molodjoschnaja on the western coast of Enderbyland . In it and the Japanese summer station Mizuho in the hinterland, polar research is carried out in the region today.
