Dark green willowherb

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Dark green willowherb
Dark green willowherb, illustration [1]

Dark green fireweed, illustration

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family : Evening primrose family (Onagraceae)
Subfamily : Onagroideae
Genre : Willowherb ( epilobium )
Type : Dark green willowherb
Scientific name
Epilobium obscurum
Schreb.

The dark green willowherb ( Epilobium obscurum ) is a species of willowherb ( Epilobium ) within the family of the evening primrose family (Onagraceae). It is widespread from Western to Central Europe.

description

Vegetative characteristics

The dark green willowherb is a perennial , herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 60, rarely 20 to 100 centimeters. It has a creeping rhizome . When in bloom it has long, thin, above-ground runners . The stems are angular with two to four slightly raised longitudinal ridges and are easy to squeeze. The base of the stem is glabrous, with fine, curly hair on top.

The leaves are arranged opposite to each other up to the inflorescence and are sessile or have a short stalk. The simple leaf blade is 4 to 8 cm long, 0.8 to 1.8 cm wide and oblong to ovoid. The leaf margin is serrated, the blade dull dark green. The leaf margin and the main nerves on the underside are hairy.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to September. The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry , four-fold and have a long tube. When young, the flowers are nodding. The axillary cup is hairy close-fitting, on the surfaces there are isolated protruding glandular hairs. The crown is funnel-shaped, the petals are 4 to 7 mm long and sharply cut, their color is cloudy red-purple. The upright style ending in a narrow-keuligen scar .

The fruit stalk is 1 to 2 cm long. The 5 to 6 cm long capsule fruit is tightly covered with glandless hair, and there are also some glandular hairs on the surfaces. The seeds are about 1 mm long, obovate and have no appendage at the tip. The seed coat is dense papilla and gray.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

Occurrence

The dark green willowherb is found scattered in Central Europe , mainly in the southern area. In Austria it is considered endangered, in South Tyrol it is extinct. It is not endangered in Germany.

It grows in damp forests, often on streams or ditches with running water, on bog and peat meadows. It thrives best on soaked to wet, nutrient-rich and mostly low-lime clay and loam soils . It rises up to the montane height level , in the Bavarian Forest up to an altitude of 1050 meters.

In terms of plant sociology , it is a species of Cardamino-Montion and (Magno-) Caricion elatae in Central Europe , but also occurs in societies of the associations Calthion or Aegopodion.

supporting documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ From Johann Georg Sturm: Germany's flora in illustrations , 1796
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  686 .

Web links

Commons : Dark green willowherb ( Epilobium obscurum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files