Earthquake in Provence 1909
| Earthquake in Provence 1909 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| date | June 11, 1909 | ||
| Time | 9 p.m. 15 minutes | ||
| Magnitude | 6.2 M L | ||
| depth | 6 km | ||
| epicenter | 43 ° 42 ′ 0 ″ N , 5 ° 24 ′ 0 ″ E | ||
| country | France ( France métropolitaine ) | ||
| Tsunami | No | ||
| dead | 46 | ||
| Injured | 250 | ||
| damage | 2000 buildings destroyed, 2.2 billion francs | ||
The earthquake in Provence (also: earthquake of Lambesc ) in 1909, with a magnitude of 6.2 on the Richter scale, is the strongest earthquake that was recorded in France métropolitaine , metropolitan France . 46 people died, 250 were injured and around 2,000 buildings were damaged. The village of Lambesc was completely destroyed in the quake.
Geological and geotectonic basics
The earthquake is due to tectonic movements associated with the subduction of the African plate under the Eurasian plate . From the damage balance and the analysis of the data, the location of the epicenter and the depth of the quake could be determined to be at least 6 km. The earthquake took place on the Faille de Trévaresse (fault of Trévaresse), which as a transverse fault belongs to a supra-regional rift system (the Mediterranean-Mjosen zone ). This extends from the valley of the Rhône over the Upper Rhine Rift to the south of Norway. The Cadarache nuclear facilities are adjacent to this fault system.
Using the isoseist map of the quake, the zones with devastating to devastating damage can be localized according to the Mercalli scale (zone IX to X) used at the time . The villages of Beaulieu, Lambesc, Rognes , Venelles , Saint-Cannat and Vernègues were in the area of the greatest destruction (Zone X) .
Schedule
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Foreshocks were recorded on May 26, 1909 in Le Puy-Sainte-Réparade and on May 28 in Saint-Cannat . Shortly before the main quake, domesticated and wild animals exhibited unnatural behaviors, birds flew low, farm animals sought the outdoors or, if tethered, became very restless.
The main quake occurred in the late evening of June 11, 1909 at 9:15 pm. Due to the time of day, numerous people were able to escape outside despite the devastating damage.
Partly severe aftershocks, including on July 10th in Meyrargues , from July 12th to 14th and again on July 16 in Puyricard , Arles , Lambesc , Marseille and Toulon caused unrest and sometimes panic among the population. Many people preferred to sleep in the open air to be safe from building collapses.
The earthquake was the most violent in France since June 23, 1654, when an earthquake epicentered in Roquebillière . The earthquake was felt in the departments of Gard , Vaucluse , Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Var .
Damage incurred
- Lambesc in the Bouches-du-Rhône department : Numerous destroyed houses.
- Aix-en-Provence (Bouches-du-Rhône): The roof of a craft business collapses.
- Cornillon-Confoux (Bouches-du-Rhône): Partial destruction of the church (collapse of the tympanum ).
- La Barben (Bouches-du-Rhône): collapse of a tower of the castle.
- Le Puy-Sainte-Réparade (Bouches-du-Rhône): More than 20 houses destroyed, two dead. Several wells get muddy.
- Mouriès (Bouches-du-Rhône): The upper part of the bell tower collapses.
- Pertuis ( Vaucluse ): Damage to several bridges over the Canal de Marseille .
- Rognes : Considerable damage and fourteen dead. The collapse of a sheepfold kills 150 sheep.
- Salon-de-Provence (Bouches-du-Rhône): Severe damage. Twenty meters of masonry in the Château de l'Empéri have collapsed.
- Venelles (Bouches-du-Rhône): The upper part of the village has been largely destroyed.
- Vernègues (Bouches-du-Rhône): collapse of the castle, almost all of the houses are destroyed, there were two deaths. The village was rebuilt on a lower level.
- Avignon : the bell tower of the Augustinian monastery sways and has been crooked ever since.
literature
- Hammer. E.-V .: Lasting effects of the Provencal earthquake in June 1909 , Petermann's geographer. Mitt., Volume 58, Gotha 1912
- Levert. A., Loup, C., Goula, X .: The Provence Earthquake of 11th June 1909 (France). A new Assessment of near Field Effects , Proceed. of the 8th Europ. Conference on Earthquake Enengieering, Lisbon 1986, pp. 80-86
- Baroux, E., Pino, NA, Valensise, G., Scotti, O., Cushing, ME: Source parameters of the 11 June 1909, Lambesc (Provence, southeastern France) earthquake: A reappraisal based on macroseismic, seismological, and geodetic observations . Journ. of Geophysc. Research, 108, 2003, pp. 2454-2477
Individual evidence
- ↑ Overview of the Lambesc earthquake , accessed on May 31, 2012, in French
- ↑ Chardon, D., Bellier, O .: Geological boundary conditions of the 1909 Lambesc (Provence, France) earthquake: structure and evolution of the Trévaresse ridge anticline . Bull. Soc. géol. France, Volume 174, 2003, pp. 497-510, (PDF), accessed on November 27, 2016
- ^ Geology and Tectonic Survey , accessed May 31, 2012
- ↑ tectonic movements at the Trévaresse fault during the 1909 earthquake ( memento of the original from April 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed May 31, 2012
- ^ Isoseist map , accessed May 31, 2012
- ↑ Académie des sciences, agriculture, arts et belles lettres: Deux siècles d'Aix-en-Provence, 1808-2008 , 2008, pp. 165–169.
- ↑ Summer School of Strasbourg: The Provence Earthquake of 11th June 1909 (France): A New Assessment of Near Field Effects ", from Seismic Hazard in Mediterranean Regions: Proceedings of the Summer School , July 15 - August 1, 1986, Springer, 1988, p. 383
- ↑ Séismes des Alpes-Maritimes du XIVe au XVIIe siècle , called 31 May 2012
- ↑ Le tremblement de terre de 1909 ( fr ) Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
