Ernst Brand (painter)

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1. Portrait photo of Ernst Brand, 1930. Illustration from: Mitteilungen des Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, 1 (1930), p. 13, photographer unknown.

Ernst Brand , also Ernst Brand-Pagés , (born April 14, 1898 in Trier ; † November 25, 1983 there ) was a German architecture and landscape painter.

Life

origin

Ernst Brand was the son of the Trier architect Karl Heinrich (called Ernst) Brand and his wife Auguste Mathilde Wirtz. Ernst Brand Sr. designed numerous church buildings and profane large-scale projects in Trier and the greater region for decades. The family's residence was in a baroque building , a former Trier curia (Domfreihof 3), which the son later took over from his parents together with his wife Marianne Stein. The property is currently the seat of the Institute for Cusanus Research at the University and the Trier Theological Faculty .

education

According to his own statements, after completing his high school years and an unspecified military service during the First World War, Brand made the decision to turn his inclination to drawing and painting into a profession. First he enrolled at the Trier Werkkunstschule in August Trümper's painting class and from 1921 to 1927 exhibited with the Trier artists' associations “Die Gilde”, “Die Malergruppe Trier” and “Freie Vereinigung Trier Künstler”. In preparation for his visit to the Düsseldorf Art Academy , he took private tuition from the Trier-born genre painter Peter Philippi (1866–1945) in Rothenburg ob der Tauber for over a year from 1920 .

Art Academy Düsseldorf

Brand was accepted into the Düsseldorf Art Academy by 1922 at the latest. He first went through the drawing classes and then, until the end of his time at the academy in 1927, he joined the landscape class of Max Clarenbach , whose personality and stylistic pluralism made a lasting impression on him. From then on, Brand devoted himself almost exclusively to the representation of architecture and urban landscapes, reproduced in compositionally simple and large-scale open-air painting. However, he varied this basic concept in many ways, both with elements of German Late Impressionism and, in the opposite direction, with a reference to the conventional, pointedly representational painting tradition of the Academy. He consistently refrained from adding human accessories to his “descriptions of calm circumstances” (Kepetzis).

Following the example of his teachers Philippi and Clarenbach, Brand was accepted into the meetings and networks of the artists' association Malkasten in Düsseldorf right from the start of his studies. He was allowed to flatter himself that Prof. Hans Kohlschein caricatured him as a friend at the so-called round table. Brand's first extensive trips to France, Italy and Libya also fell during his student years in Düsseldorf, and he presented the artistic results of these with 28 watercolors and 8 oil paintings in a special exhibition in Trier in October 1926.

time of the nationalsocialism

On December 1, 1931, Brand joined the NSDAP in Düsseldorf and successfully defended his relatively early membership number for years against the party’s plan to classify an interruption of membership fees of several months in 1932/33 as an exit and re-entry with a significantly higher membership number. In 1932 he, like Clarenbach and Philippi, took part in the Düsseldorf-Munich art exhibition in the Kunstpalast , which was initiated and co-organized by Erich Freiherr von Perfall . Brand showed six landscape paintings with predominantly southern motifs.

Temporarily residing in Trier again, he participated in August / September 1933 as "District Chairman of the Reichskartell" in a campaign by the Nazi propaganda newspaper "Trierer Nationalblatt" against the Werkkunstschule Trier, which was supposed to prepare its subsequent conformity with a focus on technical training. The accusations of incompetence and corrosive cultural Bolshevism were raised primarily against the director, but also against other, named teachers and gradually led to their dismissal. When the Trier artists were to be licensed on September 9, 1933, Brand was accepted into the Reich Cartel of Fine Arts, later Reich Chamber of Culture , Trier district group, and officially appointed as district chairman. He now worked in a studio in the Kesselstatt Palace in Trier. The writer Heinrich Tiaden , who visited him there, reported in a richly illustrated magazine article with euphoric praise about the painter, whose time had finally come with the great change that had taken place in Germany.

Between 1936 and 1944 Brand stayed in Italy for extensive art studies, among other things with the help of a scholarship granted to him by the city of Düsseldorf and the Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen. He also succeeded in launching a total of 12 paintings (see selection of works) between 1940 and 1944 in the Great German Art Exhibition in Munich, which is representative of National Socialist art . His admired teacher Max Clarenbach, who was appointed regional director in the Reich Chamber of Fine Arts in 1939/40 and included in the list of the most important painters of the Nazi regime, was able to show 19 exhibits in Munich between 1937 and 1944. Brands' participation in the numerous party-controlled art exhibitions organized by the city of Trier, the “Kulturverband Gau Moselland” and the so-called Kunsthaus Luxemburg until shortly before the end of the war, cannot be proven, but repeated contacts with the then director of the City Museum Trier , Walter Dieck. Brand's Düsseldorf studio was destroyed in an air raid on August 1, 1942. Party files and picture titles show that he lived and painted in Passau and Berchtesgaden in 1943/44. There is no further news about the war years.

"Portraitist of his homeland"

After 1945, Brand finally settled in Trier. During the following decades he created a large number of oil paintings, watercolors and drawings with views of Trier, especially of the traditional cathedral district, so that in an obituary in 1983 he was given the title “portraitist of his homeland”. His representations, either with strict, classical pathos or with loose, impressionistic brushwork, conveyed a subtly exaggerated mood as “urban idylls”. A predominantly conservative audience liked them to buy them, as did his motifs from Rome, Florence and Venice, which he made on frequent trips to Italy. Brand now almost always signed with "Brand-Pagés", the added maiden name of his grandmother. Sometimes he also used the Italian version of "Ernesto" as a first name, for example "as a guest" at the 1958 Trier annual exhibition of the Society of Fine Artists. After he had already organized a “Trier Art Exhibition” in 1951 in the Städtisches Museum Simeonstift, he was able to show further works there in the exhibition “Contemporary Art” in 1953, among others together with some of the Trier artist colleagues he had once reviled. In 1960, while Dieck was still in office, Brand was represented with thirty works at the exhibition "4 painters - Fritz Reuter, Ernst Brand, Prof. Müller-Linow, Anton Veit" in the Municipal Museum. These were exclusively newer Italian motifs created between 1954 and 1960 and some views of Trier. After that, only two smaller exhibitions in 1974 and 1978 in the foyer and stairwell of the Electoral Palace in Trier reminded of the painter, now almost forgotten in the art world.

Selection of works

The list is based on the extensive holdings of the Simeonstift Trier City Museum as well as catalog and individual auction information. The majority of Brands' work is privately owned.

  • Nocturnal inner courtyard of the Steipe in Trier, around 1925/30, oil on canvas, 120 × 100.5 cm, signed E. Brand, Stadtmuseum Simeonstift Trier, inv. No. III 608
  • The Judengasse in Trier, around 1925/30, oil on canvas, 60.5 × 40.5 cm, signed Brand, Stadtmuseum Simeonstift Trier, inv. No. III 1496
  • Winter landscape near Trier, 1930, oil on canvas, 58 × 85.5 cm, signed E. Brand, auction house Peter Karbstein Düsseldorf, auction on February 4, 2006, lot 245
  • Trier, view from the Napoleon Bridge, 1934 at the latest, signed E. Brand, dimensions and whereabouts unknown (illustration in: Trierische Heimat, 11th year issue Oct./Nov. 1934). Composition based on Johann Anton Ramboux: View of the Moselle valley below Trier, lithograph 182417
  • Horse Moselle in Trier, 1934 at the latest, oil on canvas, 48 ​​× 62 cm, signed E. Brand, Stadtmuseum Simeonstift Trier, inv. No. III 321
  • Landstrasse in Italy, 1936, oil on canvas, 60 × 80 cm, signed E. Brand, Stiftung Museum Kunstpalast - Kulturzentrum Ehrenhof Düsseldorf, Inv. No. 4613
  • View over the roofs of Florence to the cathedral dome, undated, oil on canvas, 60 × 75 cm, signed Brand, auction house Dawo Saarbrücken, auction on September 15, 2010, lot 185
  • Old houses at the Marcellus Theater in Rome, 1938, watercolor pencil drawing, 50 × 36.2 cm, signed Brand, Stadtmuseum Simeonstift Trier, inv. No. III 691
  • Motif from Rome, oil painting, Great German Art Exhibition (GDK) Munich 1940, room 11, delivered by “Brand, Ernst, Düsseldorf.” Image: www.gdk-research.de
  • Temple of Romulus, oil painting, GDK 1941, room 32, illustration as above
  • Landscape with a Roman amphitheater near Trier, oil painting, GDK 1943, room 22. Figure as above. Composition based on Johann Anton Ramboux: View of the Moselle valley above Trier, lithograph 1824
  • Trier Cathedral from the southeast, watercolor over pencil drawing, around 1950/55, 42 × 35 cm, signed Brand-Pagés, Stadtmuseum Simeonstift Trier, inv. No. III 2103
  • View of Trier from the south, around 1955/60, oil on canvas, 60 × 75 cm, signed Brand-Pagés, Stadtmuseum Simeonstift Trier, inv. No. III 666
  • Forum Romanum, oil painting 1956 (based on the Trier 1960 catalog, like lit.
  • Trierischer Garten, 1957, oil on canvas, 70.5 × 50.5 cm, signed Brand-Pagés, Stadtmuseum Simeonstift Trier, inv. No. III 673
  • Trier, general view from the west, not dated, oil on panel, 49 × 61 cm, signed Brand-Pagés, Artnet Price Database, accessed February 14, 2010
  • Backyards in Florence, April 22, 1969, pencil drawing, 24 × 23 cm, signed: "1/8 Wally Zappe, 7/8 E. Brand-Pagés", Stadtmuseum Simeonstift Trier, inv. No. IV 370

literature

  • Brand-Pagés, Ernst . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 13, Saur, Munich a. a. 1996, ISBN 3-598-22753-1 , p. 599.
  • Brand, Ernst . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 1 : A-D . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1953, p. 296 . (Information mixed with the architect Ernst Brand)
  • Ernst Brand: Autographical (sic) chats of Rhenish artists. In: Mitteilungen des Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, 1 (1930), Heft 3, pp. 10-14 (13f).
  • Paul Mauder: Trier painting - Trier painter groups and Trier painters. In: Trierische Heimat, 7th year, issue 7, April 1931, pp. 97–99 and issue 8/9, May / June 1931, pp. 117–119.
  • Catalog of the Düsseldorf-Munich art exhibition, Kunstpalast Düsseldorf, May 14 to August 31, 1932. Düsseldorf 1932.
  • Heinrich Tiaden: A visit to Ernst Brand. In: Trierische Heimat, 11th year issue Oct./Nov. 1934, pp. 18–21, with a total of 8 illustrations of the artist's work in this issue.
  • Catalog "Contemporary Art - Exhibition of the Trier Group with Foreign Guests" from October 25 to November 22, 1953 in the City Museum Simeonstift Trier. Archive City Museum Simeonstift Trier.
  • Catalog of the Society of Fine Artists: Trier Artists 1958, annual exhibition in the Museum of the City of Trier, October 12 to November 2, 1958. Archive City Museum Simeonstift Trier.
  • Exhibition catalog: "4 painters - Fritz Reuter, Ernst Brand, Prof. Müller-Linow, Anton Veit, Museum of the City of Trier in the Simeonstift, April 10 - May 8, 1960". Archive City Museum Simeonstift Trier.
  • Johannes von Geymüller (arr.): Catalogs of the Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf IV, 3: Painting Volume 3. The paintings of the 20th century. Part 1. Düsseldorf 1977, pp. 9-18, especially p. 15; P. 39 with ill.no.62.
  • Hans Ludwig Schulte: portraitist of his homeland - the painter Ernst Brand-Pagés died at the age of 85. Obituary. In: Trierischer Volksfreund No. 276 of November 29, 1983, p. 16.
  • Dieter Ahrens: Three modern artists from Trier in Rome, II Ernst Brand-Pagés. In: Ders .: Rooms of History - German-Roman from the 18th to the 20th century. Trier 1986, pp. 138-139.
  • Viola Hartwich: Max Clarenbach - A Rhenish landscape painter 1880–1952. Münster [u. a.] 1992.
  • Hans F. Schweers: Paintings in German museums. 2nd act., Considerably ext. and verb. Ausg .. 01 Part 1, Artists and their works, A - F, Saur. Munich, London, Paris, 1994, p. 202.
  • Heinz Monz (ed.): Brand-Paqué (sic), Ernst: Painter. In: Trier Biographical Lexicon, Trier 2000, pp. 48/49.
  • Hans Paffrath: Max Clarenbach. 1880 Neuss - Cologne 1952. Düsseldorf 2001.
  • Bärbel Schulte (Ed.): "For the refinement of forms and taste education" - The Trier Werkkunstschule. Catalog manual for the exhibition of the same name in the Städtisches Museum Simeonstift Trier. Trier 2003, pp. 21–128.
  • Ernst Klee : The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 (= The time of National Socialism. Vol. 17153). Completely revised edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-596-17153-8 .
  • Ekaterini Kepetzis: “The thing would be best and artistically strongest if there were only five of us” - August Deusser and the Düsseldorf painters of the Sonderbund. In: Barbara Schaefer (ed.): 1912 - Mission Moderne - The show of the century of the Sonderbund. Exhibition catalog, Cologne 2012, pp. 28–35.
  • Brand-Paqué (fire), Ernst . In: Heinz Monz (ed.): Trier biographical lexicon . Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Trier 2000, ISBN 3-88476-400-4 , p. 48 f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Heinrich (called Ernst) Brand (born March 11, 1869 in Cologne, † October 2, 1948 in Trier).
    Entry on Brand, Karl Heinrich in the Rhineland-Palatinate personal database , accessed on July 2, 2015 .
    M. Losse: Brand, Ernst . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 13, Saur, Munich a. a. 1996, ISBN 3-598-22753-1 , p. 595.
  2. ↑ Marco Brösch: A house and its history. The curia and institute building Domfreihof 3 (corner “See around you”) in Trier. In: Cusanus Jahrbuch Volume 5, Trier 2013, pp. 63–80.
  3. ↑ Brand's drawing “Rothenburg ob der Tauber”, dated August 2, 1920, 31.8 × 39 cm, Stadtmuseum Simeonstift Trier, inv. No. V 933, underlines this stay. On Peter Philippi see: Ulrich Thieme / Felix Becker: Allgemeine Lexikon der bildenden Künstler, 26th vol., Leipzig 1999 (reprint), p. 550; Christoph Krapp: Notes on the biography and work of the Trier painter Peter Philippi (1866–1945). In: New Trierisches Jahrbuch 1999, pp. 45–64.
  4. ↑ Sabine Schroyen, MA, artist association Malkasten, archive and collection, information from August 8, 2015.
  5. ↑ Sabine Schroyen, as before: The membership of Brands can be proven from 1922 to at least 1932, the membership lists are missing for the following years, in 1939 he is no longer listed; Artists' association Malkasten Düsseldorf, inventory: archive link ( Memento from February 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ^ Sabine Schroyen: Image sources on the history of the artists' association Malkasten in Düsseldorf - artists and their works in the collections. Archive booklets 34. Düsseldorf 2001, p. 86; 100 years of the artists' association Malkasten Düsseldorf 1848–1948, Düsseldorf 1948, p. 193.
  7. ^ Exhibition in the Lintz book and art shop in Trier, without a catalog. Information from Paul Mauder, such as Lit. Verz., P. 99.
  8. ↑ Bundesarchiv Berlin, deliveries of the former Berlin Document Center, information from May 18, 2001 and July 13, 2015. The following were determined for Ernst Brand / Brand-Pagés: NSDAP central or Gaukartei and a file unit from the holdings BArch R 9361-II Personal documents of the NSDAP / PK (party correspondence) with the signature R 9361-II / 105822.
  9. ↑ Ernst Brand: Thoughts on the exhibition of Christian art on Paulusplatz. Signed: "Ernst Brand - District Chairman of the Reich Cartel". In: Trier Nationalblatt No. 190 of August 21, 1933. The vehemently supportive article (above author): Cultural Bolshevism or Art Tradition? In: Trier National Newspaper No. 202 of September 4, 1933. Trier City Library, magazine collection.
  10. ↑ The names of the artists included were published in the Trier Nationalblatt of September 16, 1933 under the title (above author): Development work of the Reich Cartel of Fine Arts - from the Trier district group. Cf. Christl Lehnert-Leven: Alexander Mohr (1892–1974) - The painter with the wing shoes, Trier 1996, pp. 290 and 297/298; Thomas Schnitzler: Demonstrated: cultural propaganda in the Gau Moselland. The instrumentalization of the fine arts, literature and sport in the war years 1939–1944 (Part 1). In: Kurtrierisches Jahrbuch 49th year 2009, pp. 307–354, here 343/344; Emil Zenz: History of the City of Trier, Volume 3, 1928–1945, Trier 1973, p. 250, footnote 2.
  11. ↑ Federal archive as before with reports to the NSDAP's foreign organization.
  12. ↑ GDK Research - Image-based research platform for the Great German Art Exhibitions 1937–1944 in Munich, In: gdk-research.de (accessed on August 31, 2020)
  13. ↑ Viola Hartwich, like Lit. Verz. P. 22; Ernst Klee, like Lit. Verz., P. 87.
  14. ↑ Ernst Brand: Postcard from May 4, 1939 and letter from April 15, 1942, both from Rome, addressed to Dr. Walter Dieck. Trier City Library. Autograph collection. Dieck showed works by Brands as part of the event “Trier Collectors Exhibit” in 1939. In addition, his exhibition review of the same name. In: Half a month, ed. from the Trier Tourist Office, July 2nd issue (July 16 to 31) 1939. Archive City Museum Simeonstift Trier.
  15. ↑ Exhibition review (o. Author): “Trier Art Exhibition 1951 opened.” In: Trierischer Volksfreund dated October 15, 1951 and Brand's letter of October 23, 1951 to the Mayor of Trier with the request to extend the exhibition. Archive of the City Museum Simeonstift Trier.
  16. ↑ Adopted from the obituary by Hans Ludwig Schulte, such as lit.
personal data
SURNAME Brand, Ernst
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brand-Pagés, Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architecture and landscape painter
DATE OF BIRTH April 14, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH trier
DATE OF DEATH November 25, 1983
Place of death trier