Hans Kohlschein

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Hans Kohlschein
Hans Kohlschein: Troika (1917)
Hans Kohlschein: Beer tasting (1920)

Hans Kohlschein (born March 5, 1879 in Düsseldorf , † December 28, 1948 in Warburg ) was a German history painter, draftsman and caricaturist at the Düsseldorf School and a professor at the Düsseldorf Art Academy .

Life

Hans Kohlschein was the son of the engraver Josef Kohlschein the Elder, brother of the painters Josef Kohlschein the Younger and Edmund Anton Kohlschein and the grandfather of Rolf Gentz .

The father recognized the artistic talent of his sons early on and promoted them purposefully. From the winter semester of 1892/93, the 13-year-old Hans Kohlschein attended the elementary class at the Düsseldorf Art Academy . The history painters Eduard von Gebhardt and Arthur Kampf were among his teachers . Kohlschein later became a master student of the genre painter Claus Meyer , whom he assisted in painting Burg Castle from 1898–1902 . There, in the knight's hall, he created his own, albeit unsigned, work “The Assassination of Count Engelbert von Berg”. In 1903/4 two large-format wall frescoes from Goethe's “Faust” for a brandy manufacturer in Isselhorst near Gütersloh followed , then the large historical paintings in Kleve in 1906/7: “The visit of the Great Elector” and in Czarnikau in 1911: “The visit of Frederick the Great in the new Land ”(both destroyed in 1945). The monumental paintings "Schlesische Landwehr bei Waterloo" in 1902 and "Lützow's Freischar vor dem Kampf" in 1904 were bought by the Alte Nationalgalerie Berlin . For “Die Moselbauern” in 1911 he received the Prussian Golden State Medal in 1913. His probably largest oil painting “The Place in the Sun” (300 × 450 cm) was exhibited in 1915 on the occasion of Bismarck's 100th birthday in the artists' association Malkasten in Düsseldorf.

During the First World War, Kohlschein was accredited as a war painter and was initially obliged on the western front to portray the first partial success of the German army. In the spring of 1915 the large-format history painting “The Handover after the Battle of Maubeuge” was created on September 8, 1914, which was exhibited in Berlin and was widely used as a print. In August 1915 Kohlschein was delegated to the Eastern Front to the German General Government in Warsaw . One of his tasks as a painting reporter was to depict the everyday life of the Polish population in pictures that a. have been published in magazines such as Die Wochenschau . Kohlschein created dynamic and powerful paintings that expressively thematized the different strata of the people and brought them to life in their individual surroundings: soldiers, beggars, Jewish life, market scenes, farmers with horses, Russian prisoners and church processions. During his stay in Warsaw from 1915 to 1918, the painter said he created around 300 paintings and drawings, around a third of which are still known today. In order to be able to paint quickly, he used tempera and watercolors. In two large exhibitions in autumn 1917 and 1918, several dozen pictures of Hans Kohlschein's Poland were presented to the general public in the Kunstpalast in Düsseldorf. Some of his Poland paintings were bought by museums, like the picture of the “Saxon Garden in Warsaw”, which was acquired for the National Gallery in Berlin (lost since 1945). In 1922, the National Gallery in Tokyo acquired Hans Kohlschein, the first painting by a contemporary German painter, “Großes Frauenbad an der Weichsel”. In June 1917 Hans Kohlschein received an honorary professorship and from 1921 an appointment to the Düsseldorf Art Academy for the painting class, which he gave up in 1927 for personal reasons. In the 1920s he received commissions for large-format wall paintings in Düsseldorf: the garden hall of the artists' association Malkasten, the act hall in the Schadow cellar of the art academy, the wall cycle for the Wersten church Maria Rosenkranz, the elector's house and three-part mural in the meeting room of the district house in Düsseldorf : “Collapse and Reconstruction". The painting “Before the City”, bought in 1932 by the Düsseldorf Art Museum , was declared as “degenerate art” in 1937 and has been lost ever since.

In 1934 Kohlschein exhibited life-size caricatures by his painter colleagues for the first time at the German Art Exhibition in Düsseldorf . He had been a member of the artists' association Malkasten since 1901 and was always involved artistically as the designer of the Malkasten festivals and performances.

Since the 1930s he turned increasingly to landscape painting. His second home has been Warburg since childhood, where the Kohlschein family was born. Hans Kohlschein painted several pictures of his wife Ella, with whom he had been married since 1906, against the backdrop of the medieval city of Warburg (Museum am Stern, Warburg). In the 1930s and 1940s he also received orders for murals for the General Command in Hanover in 1938/39 and the painting of the Wuppertal Police Headquarters in 1940/41, which were uncovered a few years ago. The wall paintings for the Henkel company (Hall 13) on the occasion of the “Schaffendes Volk” exhibition in Düsseldorf in 1937 dealt with the subject of “Washing through the ages” and for the Reich Association of Public Insurance Berlin (Hall 12) with the “community idea of insurance ”and“ protective thoughts of insurance ”(destroyed). Kohlschein did not take part in the major official art exhibitions during the Nazi era. During the Pentecostal attack on Düsseldorf in 1943 , his home and studio were destroyed and many works were burned. He then lived with his wife Ella in his small holiday home in Warburg, where he earned his living with views of Warburg and landscapes, especially of the volcanic Desenberg, until his death in December 1948.

Works

Main motives

  • Lützow's group before the fight, 1904 (250 × 400 cm)
  • The Pied Piper of Hameln (Museum Hameln with the Pied Piper)
  • Nidegger Bridge, 1910
  • Sachsengarten in Warsaw, 1917
  • Archbishop of Warsaw after the proclamation in Warsaw, November 5, 1916 (Museum Kunstpalast Düsseldorf)
  • Troika, 1917
  • Good Friday procession in Sorrento, 1924
  • Fish market in Venice
  • Sodom and Gomorrah
  • The red skirts of the Collegium Germanicum - The Blind Singer, 1927
  • Dominican monastery with a view of Warburg, 1934
  • Candle chapel in Kevelaer, 1930 (72 × 79 cm)
  • Desenberg
  • Warburger Börde
  • Warburg

Portraits

Important portraits of this time are:

  • Ella Möllhausen as a Vincentian (75 × 75 cm)
  • Kluspaters, 1913 (80 × 80 cm)
  • Fliegerleutnant Erwin Böhme, 1917 (63 × 61 cm)
  • Prof. Eduard von Gebhardt on the 80th, 1918 (120 × 102 cm, National Gallery Berlin)
  • Alfred Flechtheim (drawing and bookplate)

Locations and exhibitions

Locations

Exhibitions

  • 1912: Josef Kohlschein, Hans Kohlschein and Josef Kohlschein the Younger , City Museum Neuss
  • 1917: Kunstpalast Düsseldorf
  • 1952: Kunsthalle Düsseldorf
  • 1964: Artists' Association Malkasten
  • 1979: Düsseldorf City Library
  • 1985: The artist family Kohlschein , Stadtmuseum Düsseldorf
  • 1998: Museum im Stern, Warburg
  • 2009: Hans Kohlschein, An Artist's Life in Times of Change , Cappenberg Castle
  • 2010: Artist in the Weserbergland and the Düsseldorf School of Painting , Corvey Castle
  • 2014: Warsaw in the war years 1915–1918 in pictures by Hans Kohlschein , Warsaw
  • 2018: Hans Kohlschein (1879–1948) , from the collection of Kurt G. Schultze, in the Jacobihaus des Malkasten, Düsseldorf

literature

  • Kohlschein, Hans . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 21 : Knip – Kruger . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1927, p. 209-210 .
  • Kohlschein, Hans . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 3 : K-P . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1956, p. 85 .
  • Irene Markowitz: The artist family Kohlschein. Flyer for the exhibition in the Stadtmuseum Düsseldorf 1985.
  • Museum Association Warburg (ed.): Hans Kohlschein. 1879–1948, life and work. Bochum 2002, ISBN 3-9803617-8-0 .
  • Hans Paffrath (Ed.): Lexicon of the Düsseldorf School of Painting 1819–1918. Volume 2: Haach – Murtfeldt. Published by the Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf in the Ehrenhof and by the Paffrath Gallery. Bruckmann, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-7654-3010-2 .
  • Michael Okroy: Allegory with a swastika and a rune. On the discovery of a Nazi mural in the police headquarters in Wuppertal. In: Alfons Kenkmann / Christoph Spieker (eds.): In order. Police, administration and responsibility. Essen 2001, ISBN 3-88474-970-6 , pp. 318-325.
  • Silke Köhn: Hans Kohlschein (1879–1958). In: Collectors Journal. November 2008.
  • Oliver Gradel u. Silke Köhn: “Artists in the Weser Uplands and the Düsseldorf School of Painting”, exhib.-cat. Schloss Corvey, Bönen 2010, 126 pp.
  • Silke Köhn: The Pied Piper of Hamelin. In: Museumsverein Hameln: Yearbook 2014. pp. 65–76, ISSN  0947-8566 .
  • Warsaw in the war years 1915-1918 in pictures by Hans Kohlschein. Exhibition category Warsaw, Bönen 2014.

Web links

Commons : Hans Kohlschein  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Kohlschein, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German history painter, draftsman and caricaturist
DATE OF BIRTH March 5, 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Dusseldorf
DATE OF DEATH December 28, 1948
Place of death Warburg