Ernst Richard Neumann

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Ernst Richard Julius Neumann
Neumann's tombstone, formerly in Dornholzhausen, today private property

Ernst Richard Julius Neumann (born November 9, 1875 in Königsberg (Prussia) , † August 19, 1955 in Dornholzhausen (Bad Homburg) ) was a German mathematician.

Life

Ernst Richard Julius Neumann was the son of the pathologist and professor at the University of Königsberg Ernst Neumann and his wife Anna (née König), as well as the nephew of the mathematician Carl Gottfried Neumann . Neumann attended the Kneiphöfische Gymnasium in Königsberg. 1893–1898 he studied mathematics in Königsberg, Heidelberg and Leipzig. In Leipzig he was a student of his uncle Carl. In 1898 he became assistant to Friedrich Ernst Dorn at the Physics Institute of the University in Halle and received his doctorate in Leipzig in the same year (Dr. phil). In 1899 he completed his habilitation in Halle where he became a lecturer in mathematics and mathematical physics. In 1901 he received a call to Breslau and became an associate professor for theoretical physics. In 1902 he married Johanna Kautzsch (1878–1964, daughter of the theologian Emil Kautzsch ) in Halle , and the couple had six children (two sons died later in World War II). In 1905 Neumann became associate professor for mathematics in Marburg, and in 1908 he was given a full professorship there. In 1910/11 he was dean of the Philosophical Faculty. In 1912 he turned down a call to Kiel. In the course of the First World War, Neumann worked at various weather stations and was given a teaching position in Dorpat, Estonia in 1918, but returned to Marburg in 1919. In 1923 he was admitted to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (matriculation no. 3491). In the summer semester of 1933 Neumann was on leave for health reasons, but was in talks for the office of rector of the university in November. In November 1933 he was one of the signatories of the professors' commitment at German universities and colleges to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist state . In the winter semester of 1946 he left the university career at his own request due to his "advanced age" and was retired. His successors at the chair were Max Deuring in 1947 and Arnold Schmidt in 1950 .

His estate is kept by the Central Archives of German Mathematicians' bequests at the Lower Saxony State and University Library in Göttingen .

Scientific work

Neumann continued the tradition of the " Königsberg School ". He was able to improve the results of his uncle Carl Gottfried Neumann on potential theory . Although his findings were important, his work was overshadowed by the famous mathematician David Hilbert, whose theory of the linear integral equations Neumann was the first to give extensive lectures outside of Hilbert's Göttingen University. Leon Lichtenstein , founder of the Mathematische Zeitschrift , praised Neumann's book Lectures for the Introduction to Relativity Theory , published in 1922, as a gap-filling and didactically highly praiseworthy work.

Neumann was co-editor of Franz Neumann's collected works (Teubner, Leipzig, 1928).

Publications

  • To Poisson's theory of electrostatics, in particular about the electrical distribution on a conductor limited by three spherical surfaces. Dissertation, Philosophical Faculty of the University of Leipzig, 1898; also in: Journal for pure and applied mathematics , Volume 120, 1898, pp. 60–98, 277–304, digitized from DigiZeitschriften
  • About the application of a peculiar reduction method to electrostatic problems: mathematical-physical treatise , habilitation, Halle, 1899.
  • Studies on the methods of C. Neumann and G. Robin for solving the two boundary value problems of potential theory , Teubner, Leipzig 1905, Jablonowski -Preisschrift 1905
  • Contributions to individual questions of the higher potential theory , Teubner, Leipzig 1912, Jablonowski-Preisschrift 1912.
  • Lectures for an introduction to the theory of relativity , G. Fischer, Jena 1922.

literature

  • Johann Christian Poggendorff: Biographical-literary concise dictionary of the exact natural sciences. Volume 4, 1904, p. 1067; Volume 5, 1926, p. 900; Volume 6 III, 1938, p. 1845; Volume 7a3, 1959, p. 418.
  • Kürschner's German Scholars Calendar , Volume 1, 1925, p. 715; Volume 8, 1954, p. 1666; Volume 9, 1961, Nekrolog, p. 2384.
  • Herrmann AL Degener : Neumann, Ernst Richard Julius , Our contemporaries. Who's it ?, 12, 1955, p. 847.
  • R. Zaunick: Ernst Richard Julius Neumann (MA, P: material available in the member archive, academy has a portrait), In: Leopoldina, communications from the German Academy of Natural Scientists. Series 3, Vol. 1, 1955, July – Dec., No. 4–6, p. 51.
  • Wilhelm Lorey : From the mathematical past of Marburg. Journal of the Association for Hessian Regional Studies 64 (1953), p. 135.
  • Maximilian Krafft: Ernst Richard Neumann in memory. Yearbook of the Albertus University Königsberg 8 (1958), pp. 34–43.
  • Fritz Gause : Neumann, Ernst Richard. Old Prussian Biography 3, additions to volumes 1 and 2, Elwert, 1975, p. 1030.
  • Inge Auerbach (arrangement): Ernst Richard Julis Neumann. Catalogus professorum academiae Marburgensis, Volume 2: from 1911 to 1971. Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-7708-0580-1 , p. 870.
  • The Neumann family of scholars in Königsberg. Renner, Albstadt 1982. (Antiquarian bookshop catalog 58 of the antiquarian bookshop G. Renner including 54 works by and about Ernst Richard Neumann)
  • Karl-Bernhard Gundlach : 100 Years of Mathematical Seminar - A look back at the development of mathematics in Marburg . (PDF), Department of Mathematics at the University of Marburg, Marburg 1985.
  • Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.): Neumann, Ernst Richard. German biographical encyclopedia , Volume 7: May-Pleßner. Saur, 1999, ISBN 3-598-23167-9 , p. 382.
  • Anne Chr. Nagel (ed.): The Philipps University of Marburg in National Socialism: Documents on their history. Steiner, 2000, ISBN 3-515-07653-0 .
  • Rudolf Fritsch : Mathematician among Franz Neumann's descendants . (PDF; 199 kB), In: Rudolf Fritsch, Eberhard Neumann-Redlin von Meding , Tatiana J. Schenck (eds.): Franz Ernst Neumann (1798–1895) - On the 200th birthday of the mathematician, physicist and crystallographer. Seminar in the German-Russian House Königsberg - Kaliningrad , September 25th and 26th, 1998. Dies academicus of the Working Group for East and West Prussian Regional Studies in the Mathematical Institute of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (Munich), December 4th, 1998, Terra Baltica and Ludwig -Maximilians University, Kaliningrad / Munich 2005, pp. 116–161.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Member entry of Ernst Neumann at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 14, 2016.
  2. ^ Catalogus professorum academiae Marburgensis. 1979, p. 870.
  3. ↑ Nagel, 2000, p. 17; Minutes of the Senate meeting of November 3, 1933: Senate's list of proposals for the appointment of a new Rector. Pp. 180-181.
  4. ↑ Gundlach, 1985, p. 10.
  5. ↑ Lorey, 1953, p. 135.
  6. ^ Leon Lichtenstein: Book review In: progress of mathematics. 48, 1921/22, pp. 980/981.
personal data
SURNAME Neumann, Ernst Richard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Neumann, Ernst Richard Julius (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH November 9, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Königsberg (Prussia)
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1955
Place of death Dornholzhausen (Bad Homburg)